FRUITS. VARIETIES AND CULTURE. 431 



building, but where it can have the morning sun ; planted 

 in the shade of trees it never does well. Give a good 

 manuring every spring with well-rotted stable manure, 

 and keep clear from grass and weeds with the hoe ; prune 

 out the old dead canes every spring. A fine late crop can 

 readily be obtained by cutting over the whole stool, in the 

 spring, to within a few inches of the ground. They will 

 then shoot up fresh wood, which conies into bearing in 

 August or September. 



Varieties. The finest raspberries in general cultivation 

 for the dessert are the Red and White Antwerp, Fastolf, 

 Orange, Gushing, French, Franconia, and Philadelphia. 



The common American Red is most esteemed for flavor- 

 ing liquors, or making brandy and cordials; and the 

 American Black is preferred by most persons for cooking. 



The ever-bearing varieties are esteemed for prolonging 

 the season of this fruit. 



Red Antwerp. This variety is also known as Old Red 

 Antwerp, Knevett's Antwerp, True Red Antwerp, How- 

 land's Red Antwerp, Burley, etc. It is the common Red 

 Antwerp of England and America, and is quite distinct 

 from the North River variety, which is shorter in growth, 

 and has conical-shaped fruit. Canes strong and tall; 

 spines light red, rather numerous, and pretty strong ; fruit 

 large, nearly globular, color dark red, with large grains, 

 and covered with a thick bloom ; juicy, with a brisk vinous 

 flavor. 



Yellow Antwerp. Large, nearly conical, pale yellow, 

 sweet and excellent; canes strong and vigorous, light 

 yellow, and spinous ; bears a long time, and does moder- 

 ately well at the South. 



American Black, (JKubus occidental is.) Small, flatten- 

 ed, black or dark purple, with a whitish bloom ; later and 

 more acid than the preceding. This is the well-known 

 Thimble-berry ; succeeds well here. From its rich, acid 



