CONTENTS. 



CTIAP. PAUK 



I. History of botanical science, ...... 1 



II. The nature and uses of plants, ...... 4 



III. The structure of plants, ....... 6 



IV The organs and functions of plants, . . . , . .12 



V. The roots of plants, ....,,, 13 



VI. The stem, ......... 19 



VII. Growth of the stem, . . . . . . . ' 26 



VIII. Ofbuds, 36 



IX. The leaves, ........ 37 



X. The stipules, . . . . . . . , ,44 



XI. Nutrition of vegetables and ascent of the sap, .... 45 



XII. The organs of reproduction, and history of their discovery, . . . C5 



XIII. Organs of fructification, ....... 65 



XIV. _ Cryptogamic fructification, ........ 74 



XV. Of fecundation, ........ 81 



XVI. Tlie fruit and its envelopes, ....... 89 



XVII. Of the seed and germination, ...... 101 



XVIII. Tlie food of vegetables, ....... 110 



XIX. Of vegetable vitality, ....... 122 



XX. Diseases of vegetables, . . . . . ". .128 



XXI. Vegetable products, ....... 137 



XXII. Geographical distribution of plants, ... ... 166 



XXIII. Systems of botanical classification, ..... 171 



XXIV. First Division of Plants — Including the algs, fungi, lichens, and ferns, . 184 



XXV. Second Division — Monocotyledonous plants, .... 201 



XXVI. The graminete, wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, maize, the grasses, &c., . 203 



XXVII. The sugar-cane, bamboo, Indian cane, ..... 235 



XXVIII. The family of palms, the cocoa-nut, date, banana, wax palm, &c., . , 240 



XXIX. The yam, arrow root, and alliaceous plants, .... 263 



XXX. Third Division — Dicotyledonous plants, the potato, cassava, &c. . . 270 



XXXI. UmbelliferiE, including the carrot, parsnip, &c. .... 285 

 XXXIJ, The cruciferiE, including the turnip, mustard, cabbage, radish, cress, . 292 



XXXIII. Leguminous plants, the pea, bean, kidney-bean, vetch, lentil, lucern, clover, 310 



XXXIV. Kosacese, the apple, pear, quince, plum, peach, cherry, strawberry, raspberry, 320 



XXXV. Tlie grape, mulberry, currant, gooseberry, barberry, blaebeiTy, , . 339 



XXXVI. The orange, lemon, lime, citron, shaddock, pomegranate, fig, olive, . 347 



XXXVII. Tropical fruits, tamarind, melon-thistle, Indian fig, mango, bread-fruit, &c., 363 



XXXVIII. The melon, cucumber, gourds, love-apple, egg plant, . . . 376 



XXXIX. The walnut, chestnut, hazelnut, acorn, cashew nut, . . . 382 

 XL. Tea, cotFee, cocoa, hops, tobacco, .... 388 

 XLI. Plants used for clothing, cordage, &c., flax, hemp, cotton, New Zealand flax, 401 

 XLII. Timber trees, the oak, elm, ash, &c., ..... 421 

 XLIII. Mahogany, lignumvitse, teak, magnolia, tulip tree, &c., . . 448 

 XLIV. The conifersE or pine tribe, the pine, fir, larch, cypress, yew, &c., . . 465 

 XLV, The banyan tree, boabob, dragon's blood, tallow tree, pitcher plant, . 477 

 XLVI. Spice trees and plants, cinnamon, camphor clove, pepper, ginger, mint, rose- 

 mary, rfcc. ........ 482 



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