106 THE HOUSE FLY— DISEASE CARRIER 



Early laboratory experimental work in the labora- 

 tory was carried on in this country by Dr. Jocelyn Man- 

 ning (1902) of Eau Claire, Wis., who succeeded in 

 making pure cultures from infected flies of the fol- 

 lowing bacteria : Bacillus pyocyaneiis, Staphyllococcus 

 pyogenes aureus, Bacillus typhi abdominalis and B. 

 coli communis. 



The care with which Doctor Graham-Smith sum- 

 marizes the results of his experiments and the similar 

 observations of previous workers, in order to preserve 

 an exactly judicial and thoroughly scientific frame of 

 mind, is worthy of all praise, but the accumulation of 

 evidence which has been gathered and which will be 

 displayed in our consideration of the different diseases 

 is so overwhelming, both from the standpoint of exact 

 observation and of sound inference, that surely every 

 possible effort to do away with Musca domestica is am- 

 ply justified on the disease-bearing ground. 



Other laboratory observations have been mad^ by 

 trained bacteriologists and mycologists in the direction 

 of the carriage of micro-organisms by flies. One inter- 

 esting series, to which the writer has referred else- 

 where, was published by W. N. Esten and C. J. Mason 

 (1908). The following table and the two subsequent 

 paragraphs are quoted from their bulletin: 



