CARRIAGE OF DISEASE 127 



used for making the plates on gelatin and special media. 

 B. typhosus was recovered from the flies twenty-three 

 days after they had been infected. 



"Buchanan (1907) allowed M. domestica to walk 

 over the surface of a Petri dish smeared with typhoid 

 dejections. The flies (number?) were immediately 

 afterwards allowed to walk over the surface of media 

 in Petri dishes. Naturally, some plates became in- 

 fected. 



"The evidence regarding the part that flies may play 

 in the spread of typhoid fever may therefore be ac- 

 cepted as quite conclusive." 



In addition to the experiments by Nuttall and Jep- 

 son given above should be mentioned the experiments 

 recorded by Major N. Faichnie ( 1909) . Major Faichnie 

 states that he was recently sent to investigate a small 

 outbreak of enteric fever at Kamptee, where he was 

 obliged to suspect flies, after excluding all other causes. 

 Flies v/ere not over-numerous, but twelve from the 

 artillery lines were mashed up in sterile salt solution, 

 and Bacillus typhosus was separated. Twelve flies from 

 the infantry kitchen were then captured. Each was 

 transfixed with a sterile needle, passed two or three 

 times through a flame until the legs and wings were 

 scorched, and was then put in a normal salt solution 

 and stirred. After this they were mashed up and B. 

 typhosus was found. Before mashing it was not found. 

 The demonstration that the bacillus was present in the 

 intestines was therefore good. His conclusions are 

 that while experience seems to show that infection con- 



