202 THE HOUSE FLY— DISEASE CARRIER 



removed at least once a week, although from all points 

 of view aside from that of convenience a removal and 

 spreading every day would be better. 



The writer has for some years advised that stables 

 should be fitted with fly-tight pits or closets into which 

 the daily manure may be shoveled, and wiiich at the 

 same time should be arranged conveniently for taking 

 the manure away at intervals of a week. In his first 

 experiment with the old stables of the U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture he utilized a corner closet with 

 a door opening into the stable. An outside door was 

 cut through the wall, and the place was ventilated with 

 screened apertures. The daily manure was shoveled 

 in, and conveniently removed into carts, through the 

 outside door at the week end. And at a large country 

 club, during the summer of 19 lo, he advised the build- 

 ing of a manure pit in a convenient side hill ; the top 

 of the pit being near the stable and at a much higher 

 elevation than the other end of the pit, which was so 

 situated that a cart could be driven before it, the door 

 opened, and the manure readily shoveled out. 



The regulations of the District of Columbia provide 

 simply for a covered receptacle, and it has been found 

 that a tight-covered barrel answers the purpose for a 

 one-horse stable. 



In Berkeley, California, according to Herms (1910), 

 at such stables a simple galvanized iron-garbage can 

 has been found very useful and convenient, or even a 

 tight barrel covered with a tightly fitting lid. In Berk- 

 eley the contents of these receptacles are removed once 



