PREVENTIVE MEASURES 207 



also, incidentally, that live hookworm eggs were also 

 found. Interesting observations were made upon the 

 practical workings of the cleaning process, which need 

 not be detailed except to state briefly that the process 

 of cleaning was by no means perfect, and that in carry- 

 ing the cartloads away flies and possibly contaminated 

 flies were distributed here and there and everywhere, 

 while the dump was inhabited by swarms. 



The lime system, therefore, is a failure, even if one 

 can rely upon its proper administration, and it is not 

 only a failure, as pointed out by Gardner and Stiles, 

 but it is an additional menace from the feeling of false 

 security zvhich it gives to the persons who use it. 



It seems, as a result of the experimental work car- 

 ried on by the observers mentioned above, that surface 

 privies should without further delay be remodeled into 

 a tub, pail, or barrel system, and that water or kero- 

 sene and water should be used to kill fly larvae or hook- 

 worm eggs or other dangerous forms found in excreta. 

 Their experiments indicate that a mixture of crude 

 carbolic acid and water will kill the fly larvae, but on 

 account of the dangers in the use of this mixture they 

 do not recommend it. Water only, placed in the bucket, 

 is not recommended, since not only may live eggs of 

 the hookworm be found in the water at the end of 

 twenty-four hours, but mosquitoes will lay their eggs 

 in the buckets and breed there. A film of kerosene 

 on the surface of water kills everything, including 

 hookworm eggs, round-worm eggs, fly larvae, and mos- 

 quito larvae. The principal objection to the use of 



