20 MIOCENE FAUNA. 



attention ; and it will therefore be sufficient here to give merely 

 a short survey of the principal forms* met with in the Swiss 

 Miocene country. 



A. Orthoptera. 



Cockroaches, to which we have already referred in the descrip- 

 tion of Liassic insects (vol. i.p. 83) reappear at CEningen (fig. 229), 

 and prove, by two species of Blatta, that this most ancient type 

 of insects existed in the Tertiary period. But the most abun- 

 dant Orthoptera at CEningen are the Grasshoppers, Locusts, 

 Crickets, and Mantidse, which four groups include thirteen 

 species. 



Of the Locustina, one species (Decticus speciosus, Heer, fig. 

 222) is distinguished by its beautifully white-spotted fore 

 wings i it is very nearly allied to a Southern European species 

 (D. albifrons, Fab.). This was the most abundant grasshopper 

 of CEningen. No perfect specimens of it have yet been found, 

 but plenty of wings and hind legs. 



The Acridiina are represented, as in the existing Swiss fauna, 

 by three genera ((Edipoda, Gomphocerus, and Tetrix]^ and are 

 met with beautifully preserved both in the adult state and as 

 wingless larvae. One species ((Edipoda Germari, Heer) is of 

 the size and form of the migratory locust ((Edipoda migratoria], 

 and its fore wings have dark spots : the specimen is much 

 crushed ; and Prof. Heer has therefore figured instead of it a 

 nearly allied species from Radoboj ((Edipoda Haidingeri, Heer, 

 fig. 223), which is the best-preserved of ancient grasshoppers. 

 (Edipoda Fischeri (fig. 224), from (Eningen, is a much smaller 

 species. 



Among the Crickets (Gryllina) are seen a long narrow mole 



* Prof. Heer has described and figured the insects of CEningen in his 

 works <( On the Insect-fauna of the Tertiary formations of CEningen and of 

 Radoboj in Croatia" (Denkschr. der schweiz. naturf. Gesellsch. for 1847, 

 1850, and 1853), " Contributions to the Insect-fauna of (Eningen " (Harlem, 

 1862), and Hyme'nopteres fossiles" (Denkschr. &c. 1867). The figures 

 which the Professor has selected for the present work mostly represent new 

 species not described in his earlier works. In all cases where no locality is 

 given the insects are from (Eningen. 



