CONTENTS. V 



CHAPTER XII. 



QUATERNARY PERIOD. 



Page 

 Description of the Plate of Diirnten district, Canton of Zurich, 



during the Paper-coal or Lignite formation 148 



Section of Diirnten lignite deposit 150 



Ideal section of the valley of Utznach 152 



Trees in the lignite 155 



Herbaceous plants 161 



Cryptogams 163 



Elephant molar-teeth 165 



Insects of the lignite 167 



Beetles 169 



Upheaval of the Alps in the interval between the youngest Miocene 



of (Eningen and the formation of the ignite 171 



Norwich Crag . 172 



Pliocene formation 173 



CHAPTER XIII. 



GLACIAL HISTORY. 



Stratified Pebble-beds. ...' 177 



Erratic formation, Moraines, and Erratic blocks 178 



Enormous blocks 181 



Fields of granular snow (neve) 185 



Moraines 187 



Moraine in Zurich 191 



Two Glacial periods 193 



Glaciers of the Aar and Reuss 193 



Glacier of the Linth 194 



Glacier of the Rhine 195 



Glaciers on the southern slope of the Alps 196 



Norfolk cliffs Eorest-bed 197 



Glacier movement 199 



Dispersion of boulders in Rhone basin indicating two Glacial epochs 201 



Chronological Table of the Quaternary period 203 



Alpine vegetation 205 



Flora of the Drift 207 



Dispersion of Alpine flora in the plain 211 



Snail-shells found in Drift -deposits 213 



Mammals . 215 



