IV CONTENTS. 



Precursors of horses 75 



Ruminants 77 



Rodents 79 



Ape '. 81 



Mammalian fauna of the different stages of the Miocene 86 



Marine animals of different stages 87 



Oysters 89 



Table showing the number of species in the faunas of the Shell- 

 sandstone and subalpine Molasse 92 



Univalves 95 



Bivalves 98 



Screwstones 103 



Starfishes 105 



Land animals 107 



CHAPTER X. 



DESCRIPTION OF SOME SWISS MIOCENE LOCALITIES. 



Description of the Plate of Lausanne in Miocene times 108 



Hohe-Rhonen forest Ill 



St.-Gall 112 



Locle 115 



Miocene of the Canton of Zurich 116 



Wangen and (Eningcn near Constance 118 



Fossil flora of (Eningen 120 



Volcanic agency 123 



Numbers of species of plants and animals found at (Eningen .... 124 



CHAPTER XI. 



CLIMATE OF THE MIOCENE DISTRICT. 



Warm climate 127 



Early foliage in Madeira 129 



Fossil insects of (Eningen 131 



Warm zone 133 



Swiss Miocene climate similar to that of Madeira 135 



Camphor-trees 137 



Mean temperatures of various regions 139 



Present temperatures of four Swiss towns 140 



Temperature of North Germany 143 



Miocene flora of North Greenland 144 



Table of temperatures in Lower and Upper Miocene epochs 147 



