118 MIOCENE LOCALITIES. 



probably belonged to animals wliicli were carried by water into 

 the lake. At the Albis, in the south-west of the Canton 

 of Zurich, numerous leaves make their appearance in the 

 sandstone ; they furnish indications of twenty-seven species of 

 plants, among which poplars and camphor-trees once more 

 predominate. In all these places, however, the leaves are badly 

 preserved ; they lie in a coarsely granular mass mixed together 

 in all directions, and are to be regarded as forest leaves dropped 

 from trees and swept together by the action of water. Fortu- 

 nately, in (Eningen, on the frontier of Switzerland, we possess a 

 a locality at which the plants and animals of the surrounding 

 country accumulated for many years, and were preserved in a 

 remarkably beautiful manner for the study of a later age. 

 (Eningen has been celebrated for the last 150 years, and has 

 become the most important place in the world for the investiga- 

 tion of the Miocene land-fauna and flora. It merits now a 

 special description. 



6. (Eningen. 



"Wangen and (Eningen are situated on the north or Baden side 

 of a narrow arm of the lake of Constance leading to the Rhine. 

 These localities stretch along the southern slope of a chain of 

 hills which projects into the lake of Constance and is partially 

 surrounded by its arms. If we ascend from either Wangen or 

 (Eningen, in about half an hour we reach the limestone -quarries 

 which contain the fossils. The quarries really belong to the 

 domains of the communes of Wangen and Schienen ; but as 

 their fossils were first made known through the monks of 

 (Eningen, the name of that place has been conferred upon them. 

 Two quarries are worked. The lower one is about 550 feet 

 above the lake of Constance; the upper quarry is about 

 150 feet higher. The strata of the two quarries do not corre- 

 spond with each other, and were probably formed in two sepa- 

 rate small pools, or perhaps in two separate corners of the same 

 lake. The bottom of the lake-basin is composed of soft Mo- 

 lasse -, upon this there was, first of all, deposited a clayey marl 

 which prevented the water from draining away. Over that bed 

 succeeded numerous strata of limestones and marls, which ex- 

 hibit great differences in their constitution in the two quarries. 



