224 GLACIAL HISTORY. 



discovered in the deposits immediately following those of the 

 Glacial epoch, forming the fifth stage of Prof. Heei^s Table 

 (p. 203) . At this period the mammoth and the woolly rhino- 

 ceros were still living, and were widely distributed. Most of 

 the localities where these animals were found seem to belong to 

 the Postglacial period, which long preceded the age of the pile- 

 dwellings. 



In the period of the Swiss lake- dwellings the urus and the 

 elk are met with, but there are no traces of the mammoth and 

 rhinoceros, and the stone implements differ in form from the 

 most ancient examples. The remains found by Lartet in the 

 caverns of Perigord and of the Pyrenees probably belong to the 

 intermediate epoch, as well as the instruments in bone which have 

 been collected near Schussenried and at the Saleve. Remains 

 of reindeer are seen, with sculptures on the palmate portions of 

 the antlers, which must have been worked by human agency. 



During the drift-period Europe w r as perhaps united by conti- 

 nental land with the Atlantic islands, as the Azores, Madeira, 

 and the Canaries have a great number of plants and of lower 

 animals in common with Europe, thus demonstrating that these 

 islands are more connected with Europe than with Africa. In 

 more northern latitudes the European continent seems to have 

 been united with America; for the mammoth, as well as the 

 horse and the musk-sheep (Ovibos moschatus) lived in North 

 America as well as in Europe. Subsequently the musk-sheep 

 became extinct in Europe, the horse disappeared in America, 

 and the mammoth no longer lived in either country. An ex- 

 planation of many remarkable phenomena will be afforded if we 



has proved (Les Phases de la Periode Diluvienne) that this assimilation is 

 inadmissible. He regards the Drift of the Somme as Postglacial ; and the 

 researches of Lyell (Antiquity of Man, p. 228) are in agreement with this 

 determination. Lyell has shown that all the occurrences of human remains 

 in England are in deposits which date from the Postglacial period, and that 

 the gravel-beds of the Somme probably belong to the same time. D'Archiac 

 also adopts this latter opinion (Du Terrain quaternaire et de 1'anciennete de 

 1'homme dans le nord de France, 1863, p. 47) ; only he erroneously places the 

 English localities which have furnished the clue to the determination of the 

 horizon of the French deposits in the middle of the Quaternary epoch and 

 before the second Glacial period. 



