IRON, COBALT, AND NICKEL 35$ 



pounds' of thes& metals have various colours,- which are sometimes very 

 bright, especially, in the higher stages of oxidation. 



These metals of the iron group are often met with together in 

 nature. Manganese nearly everywhere accompanies iron, and iron is 

 always an ingredient in the ores of manganese. Chromium is found 

 principally as chrome ironstone that is, a peculiar kind of magnetio 

 oxide in which Fe 2 3 is replaced by Cr 2 O 3 . 



Nickel and cobalt are as inseparable companions as iron and 

 manganese, The similarity between them even extends to such 

 remote properties as magnetic qualities. In this series of metals we 

 find those which ar6 the most magnetic : iron, cobalt, and nickel. 

 There is even a magnetic oxide among the chromium compounds, such 

 being unknown in the other series. Nickel easily becomes passive in 

 strong nitric acid. It absorbs hydrogen in just the same way as iron. 

 Tn short, in the series Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, there are many points 

 in common although there are many differences, as will be seen still 

 more "clearly on becoming acquainted with cobalt and nickel. 



In nature cobalt is principally found in combination with arsenio 

 and sulphur. Cobalt arsenide, or cobalt sjieiss, CoAs 2 , is found in 

 brilliant crystals of the regular system, principally in Saxony. CobdU 

 glance, CoAs 2 CoS 2 , resembles it very much, and 'also belongs to the 

 regular system ; it is found in Sweden, Norway, and the Caucasus. 

 Kupfernickel is a. nickel ore in combination with arsenic, but of a 

 different composition from cobalt arsenide, having the formula NiAs ; 

 it is found in Bohemia and Saxony. It has a copper-red colour and is 

 rarely crystalline ; it is so called because the miners of Saxony first 

 mistook it for an ore of copper (Kupfer), but were unable to extract 

 copper from it. Nickel glance, NiS 2 ,NiAs 2 , corresponding with cobalt 

 glance, is also known. Nickel accompanies the ores of cobalt and. 

 cobalt those of nickel, so that both metals are found together. The 

 ores of cobalt are worked in the Caucasus in the Government of 

 Elizavetopolsk. Nickel ores containing aqueous hydrated nickel silicate 

 are found in the Ural (Revdansk). Large quantities of a similar ore 

 are exported into Europe from New Caledonia. Both ores contain 

 about 12 per cent. Ni. Garnierite, (RO) 5 (SiO 2 ) 4 l^H 2 O, where R=Ni 

 and Mg, predominates in the New Caledonian ore. Large deposits of 

 nickel have been discovered in Canada, where the ore (as nickelous 

 pyrites) is free from arsenic. Cobalt is principally worked up into 

 cobalt compounds, but nickel is generally reduced to the metallic state t in 

 which it is now often used for alloys for instance, for coinage in many 

 European States, and for plating other metals, because it does not 

 oxidise. Cobalt arsenide and cobalt glance are principally used for jthe 



