36 THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENCE. 



pitch as each separate sound. In the case of substantial 

 terms, certain qualities may be present equally in each 

 minutest part as in the whole. The chemical nature of 

 the largest mass of pure carbonate of lime in existence is 

 the same as the nature of the smallest particle. In the 

 case of abstract terms, again, we cannot draw a distinction 

 between whole and part ; what is true of redness in any 

 case is always true of redness, so far as it is merely red. 



Synthesis of Terms. 



We continually combine simple terms together so as to 

 form new terms of more complex meaning. Thus, to 

 increase the intension of meaning of a term we write it 

 with an adjective or a phrase of adjectival nature. By 

 joining ' brittle ' to ' metal/ we obtain a combined term, 

 'brittle metal,' which denotes a certain portion of the 

 metals, namely such as are selected on account of pos- 

 sessing the quality of brittleness. As we have already seen, 

 'brittle metal' possesses less extension and greater in- 

 tension than metal. Nouns, prepositional phrases, parti- 

 cipial phrases and subordinate propositions may also be 

 added to terms so as to increase their intension and 

 decrease their extension. 



In our symbolic language we need some mode of 

 indicating this junction of terms, and the most convenient 

 device will be the simple juxtaposition of the distinct 

 letter-terms. Thus if A mean brittle, and B mean metal, 

 then AB will mean brittle metal. Nor need there be any 

 limit to the number of letters thus joined together, or the 

 complexity of the notions which they may represent. 

 Thus if we take the letters 



P = metal, 



Q = white, 



E, = monovalent, 



