GENEKAL MOHPHOLOGY. 



131 



A. Divided to about half-way, cleft (fissus) (g, K)\ the indi- 

 vidual parts are lobes (lobi). 



B. Divided beyond the middle, divided (partitus) (h); the 

 individual portions, parts (partes). 



C. Divided to the assumed line or point, cut up (sectus) (i) ; and 

 the individual portions, segments (segmenta). 



III. We have a series of tolerably definite expressions for the out- 

 lines of hollow forms, in which we make no special reference 

 to the division. The expressions are comparisons, and explain 

 themselves (fig. 114.). 



Bell-shaped (campanulatus) (/), funnel-shaped (infundibuliformis) 

 (m), salver-shaped (hypocrateriformis)* (n), pitcher-shaped (urceo- 

 latus) (o\ flask-shaped (lagenceformis) (p), tube-shaped (tubuliformis) 

 (q\ cup-shaped (cupuliformis) (s), plate-shaped (patell&formis) (r). 

 In all these forms where the distinction is applicable, the lower and 

 more cylindrical part is termed the tube (tubus), and the upper and 

 more expanded the limb (limbus), and the point of junction the 

 throat (faux). 



71. In the further description of forms we especially examine 

 the base and the apex. The region of a form by which it is 

 attached, as, for instance, a leaf on a stalk, is termed the base 

 (basis), and the opposite free end the point or summit (apex). There 

 are special designations for both (fig. 115.). 



I. A. Apex with a notch, where this is 1 . acute, excised (excisus) 

 (a); 2. where the angle is rounded oif, it is emarginate (emar- 

 ginatus) (b). 



B. Where the apex is abrupt, either truncate (truncatus) (c\ 

 or when rounded offj rounded (rotundatus) (d). 



C. Where the apex terminates in an angle with convex sides, 1. 

 in a right or larger angle, the form is obtuse (obtums) (e) ; 2. less than 

 a right angle it is acute (acutus) (f). 



D. Where the apex terminating in an angle with concave sides is 

 1. suddenly and sharply acute, the form is mucronate (mucronatus} 

 (g) ; 2. gradually and long pointed it is peaked (acuminatus) (h). 



II. A. A base with a penetrating angle: 1. where the angle is 



* This expression will be best understood by those who are familiar with the form 

 of the plate or salver on which glasses were placed in the middle ages, as we find it in 

 old collections, or delineated by the old masters. 



