PHANEROGAMIA : BUD OKGANS. 28 1 



next more perfect ; and again, as they rise into the vicinity of the 

 blossoms, they become again more simple. Filiform leaves, or 

 parts of leaves, when they twine around foreign objects, are termed 

 tendrils (cirrhi), as in Pisum, Clematis, &c. ; those which are stiff' 

 and pointed are termed spines (spinci) ; very concave leaves that 

 exhibit the form of a cup or pitcher are termed pouches (asci), as in 

 Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Utricularia, &c. According to their various 

 positions are again distinguished from the true leaves generally : 



a. Leaves of the inflorescence ( folia flor 'alia). Indistinguishable 

 from the stem-leaves, but bearing in their axils a blossom or a 

 simple inflorescence. 



b. Bracts (bracteci). Leaves different from the stem-leaves, and 

 bearing in their axils a blossom or a simple inflorescence ; for in- 

 stance, the scarlet-red leaves of the Salvia Horminum. To these 

 belong the glumes, of Grasses, which are simply two bracts (which 

 have commonly no blossoms in their axils), and the leaves which 

 surround the capitula of the Composite. A number of bracts, in- 

 closing an inflorescence, are also termed an involucre (involucrum). 

 The quickly-drying bracteaB of the Composites are termed scales, 

 or chaff (pale<z\ a word altogether superfluous. 



c. Bracteoles (bracteolce), distinct from the stem-leaves, and 

 standing beneath the blossom, but upon its axis ; for example, the 

 two leaves under the blossom of the Aconitum, &c. 



C. Bud-scales (tegmenta^. The very simple, mostly membra- 

 nous, and quickly-falling outer leaves of a bud which remains for 

 a length of time unexpanded. (See hereafter, under the Bud.) 



2. Flower-Leaves (Phylla). See the Blossom. 



A. Perigonial leaves (phylla perigonii). 



B. Sepals of the epi-calyx (phylla epicatycis). 



C. Sepals (sepald). 

 I). Petals (petala). 



E. Pseudo-petals (parapetala). 



F. Stamens (stamina). 



G. Pseudo-stamens (jparastemones). 

 II. Carpels (carpella). 



D. OF THE BUD ORGANS (Gemma). 



a. Of Buds in general. 



134. 1. The bud is the end of a main or secondary axis, as yet 

 undeveloped, but capable of development. We may distinguish : 

 1. The terminal bud (gemma terminates), the end of a developed 

 axis, itself capable of development. 2. The axillary bud (gemma 

 ) the end, capable of development, of a secondary axis newly 



