PHANEROGAMIA : BUD ORGANS. 285 



a. Pol. contorta, in vernatio simplex (more than three leaves), 



as in the flower of Dianthus and Linum. 



b. Fol. obvolutiva. In vernatio duplicativa, as in Lychnis. 



D. Foliatio quincundalis. When five leaves so lie that between 



two external, quite uncovered ones, and two inner, quite 

 covered ones, the fifth is so interposed as to cover one of 

 the inner leaves with one edge, and to be covered at its 

 other edge by one of the external leaves, as in the flower 

 of Rosa. 



E. Foliatio connata. When the leaves of a circle are so per- 



fectly and intimately grown together that on the full de- 

 velopment they become ruptured from their common basis, 

 and fall away like a cap, as in some calices, for instance, 

 Eucalyptus, Eschscholzia ; and bracts, as in Aponogeton 

 distachyon, &c. 



Finally. In respect to the position of individual circles of foliar 

 organs with respect to one another, the following have been distin- 

 guished : 



A. Foliatio alternativa. When the members of the one circle 



stand before the interspaces occurring between the members 

 of another circle, as in the calyx, corolla, and stamina of 

 Lysimachia. 



B. Foliatio oppositiva. When the members of one circle stand 



before the members of another circle.* 



From this review, arranged as logically as possible, it is evident at the 

 first glance, that here, as almost everywhere, in the position of the 

 foliar organs in the bud, the terminology has been patched together 

 without the least reviewal and arrangement of the possible conditions, 

 without complete investigation of the actual, and therefore altogether 

 without any principles ; just as one or other inquirer lighted upon this 

 or that form, and gave it a new technical name, without reference to 

 those already existing, and without any scientific relations. We are 

 destitute, therefore, of certainly established technical names for some of 

 the most important distinctions, and in other cases have a number of 

 different words to express the same fact : such I have omitted, as alto- 

 gether superfluous. 



Some other words which are chosen to designate peculiar forms in 

 certain plants of particular families are of no general value, and belong 

 evidently to special descriptions of particular groups : such are foliatio 

 cochlearis, in the flowers of Aconitum and Laminm, and foliatio vexil- 

 laris, in the flowers of the Papilionacece. I have retained Linnaeus' 

 term foliatio, by which to designate the position of the leaves in relation 

 to each other in the bud, as being the oldest and best; and for the 

 position of the individual leaves I have used the term vernatio, which 

 was before superfluous, as a distinction between the two conditions is 

 indispensable. 



* Perhaps not actually existent in nature. Most of the instances which are usually 

 brought forward, e. g. the parts of the flower of Btrbernceir, Thyinchicete, &c., have only 

 been included here, through superficial observation : in the former there are alternat- 

 ing fJ-partite, not opposite 6-partite circles; in the latter, in like manner, 'J-partite, not 

 4- partite circles. 



