FHANEROGAMIA : FLOWERS. 447 



scription of the flower to mnke the fruit comprehensible ; and if we say 

 calyx persisten^ we may just as well say, for instance, in Morus, peri- 



anthium demum carnosum fructus achcenium, by which the 



matter is more clearly and simply characterised than by a new, wholly 

 superfluous, technical word " sorosis" which can certainly only be of 

 use in this one genus ; for in the mass of vain distinctions which have 

 received special names, it is an inconsistency, ridiculous beyond all de- 

 scription, to characterise by one term the fruit of Ananas, an inferior, 

 thin-celled berry ; of Morns, a two-celled (?), by abortion one-celled, 

 thin-walled achsenium ; and of Artocarpus, an originally one-celled, mem- 

 branous pouch. 



For those who define the fruit as the total flower at the epoch when 

 the seed is mature, the matter is equally bad ; what I blame here is 

 merely the ignorance and the inconsistency arising from want of prin- 

 ciples ; since, if the fruits of Morus, Ananassa, and Artocarpus are 

 brought together as a special kind on account of the perianthium de- 

 mum carnosum, the fruits of Hyoscyamus, Nicandra, Physalis, and 

 Atropa must also be jumbled into one kind on account of the calyx 

 persistens demum. lignoso-membranaceus, which no one would agree 

 to do. 



3. Enumeration of the various Forms of Fruit. 



182. 



I. Seed naked (semen nudum). 



A. Seed solitary. 



1. Bacca*, seed inferior, e. g. Viscum. 



2. Sphalerocarpium, seed with a fleshy aril, e. g. Taxus. 



B, Fructifications. 



3. Strobilus, spikes with woody spermophores, e. g. Pinus. 



4. Gal bul us, Capitula with confluent fleshy bracts, e. g. 

 Juniperus. 



II. Simple fruits (fructus simplex). 

 A. Capsule (capsuld). 



t Superior. 



5. Capsula circumscissa. 



6. Utriculus Gartner, No. 5. one-celled, originating from 

 a carpel, few-seeded, e. g. Chenopodium. 



7. Pyxidium, No. 5. one- or many- celled, formed of several 

 carpels, many-seeded, e. g. Hyoscyamus. 



8. Folliculus, one-celled, many-celled, one-valved. Seeds on 

 the two margins of the valve, e. g. P&onia. 



9. Conceptacula, two disunited folliculi with one separating 

 spermophore, e. g. Asclepias. 



10. Legume u, one- celled, 1 , many-seeded, two-valved. 

 Seeds on the two borders of one fissure, e. g. Pisum. 



* The names spread out in the (Italic) type are in tolerably universal use. 



