528 ORGANOLOGY. 



various unknown favouring circumstances in many of the cells of 

 a living parenchyma (as of a leaf ), in which a self-existent deve- 

 loping process takes place, from which a new plant may arise. 

 This is observed in Malaxis paludosa *, Ornithogalum thyrsoides f, 

 Ranunculus bulbosus J, Scilla maritima , Eucomis regia ||, Hyacin- 

 thus orientalis. 1F 



3. Simple living vegetating cells separate themselves from the 

 mass of the plant, as in the soredia of the Lichens ( 86.), or rising 

 upon the surface of the plant, form themselves into little bmall- 

 celled bodies, and then separate themselves from it, as in Liverworts 

 and Mosses (97, 100.), and from these cells and ceUular bodies a 

 new plant is developed. 



4. In certain spots fallen or broken off leaves, when in or upon 

 damp earth, or in water, there are developed regular buds, which, 

 after the gradual destruction of the leaf, become self-existing 

 plants. Thus it happens in the divided surfaces of the leaves of 

 JEcheveria, Crassula, Citrus, &c., or in the small excrescences of 

 the leaves of Cardamine pratensis* : ' 



5. After wounding the parts of plants, for example, the nerves 

 of the leaves or the stems, after peculiar internal changes, pro- 

 ducing similar conditions, buds will sometimes form on the edges 

 of the wound or on these formations, as on the cracked nerves of 

 Gesneria, on the edges of wounds in the trunks of trees, on the 

 knotty excrescences of the wood (Masern f f), on the separated 

 surfaces of the knob-shaped points of the root in Tropceolum 

 tricolorum, brachyceras, azureum, violceflorum. \\ When naturally 

 or artificially separated from the mother-plant, these buds all form 

 themselves into new plants. 



6. Sometimes buds, and frequently knobs of various forms, are 

 developed on uncertain, seldom definite spots, in leaves still con- 

 nected with the plant, which, after the separation of the leaf from 

 the plant, become independent plants, as in the notches on the 

 edges of leaves in Bryophyttum calycinum ; in the upper or the 

 under side of many Aracea and Ferns, and especially frequently 

 in the angles of the nerves of the leaves. 



7. In the axis of the embryo and stem-leaves, one or more buds 

 are normally formed in definite forms, which, when separated from 

 the plant, become new individuals. 



* Henslow, Annales des Sc. Nat. vol. xxi. p. 103. [Cambr. Phil. Trans, vol. v. part i.] 



f Poiteau, Ann. d. Sc. Nat. vol. xxv. p. 21. 



} Dutrochet, Nouv. Ann. du Musee, 1835. p. 165; also Meyen, Physiologic, 

 vol. iii. p. 47. 



Guettard, Mem. s. diff. p. d. Sc. vol. i. p. 99; also Treviranus, Physiol. vol. ii. p. 624. 



|| Hedwig, Kl. Abh. vol. ii. p. 128; also Treviranus, op. cit. 



IT Meyen, loc. cit. 



** Cassini, Journal de Physique, vol. Ixxxii. p. 408. Miinter, Bot. Zeitung, 1845. 



ff We have no common name for these growths, which Dutrochet calls embryo-buds 

 (Lindley, Introduction to Botany. 3d edit. p. 79.), and which 1 have called abortive 

 branches (Annals of Nat. Hist. vol. v. ). TRANS. 



JJ Munter, Bot. Zeitung, 1845. 



