572 APPENDIX. 



Karl Mutter, Development of the Charce (in the Botanische Zeitung, 

 p. 410, et seq.). A fluid composed of amylum becomes agglomerated as a 

 ball into a cytoblast ; this is therefore nitrogenous, since the abundance 

 of nitrogen in starch is well known in gluten (!!!); around the cytoblast 

 is formed a cell. 



Karl MuJler, On the Scales of Trichomanes membranaceum (in the 

 Botanische Zeitung, p. 580, et seq.). The cell-formation occurs in the 

 known manner, through cytoblasts : this is founded on dried speci- 

 mens (!). 



Hugo von Mohl, On the Development of Stomates (in his Vermischte 

 Schriften). Appendix. The nucleus becomes doubled by division. 

 Then a simple septum is somewhat suddenly formed between the two, 

 dividing the whole cell into two portions. The septum subsequently 

 splits into two lamellae, as a furrow penetrates it at the upper and under 

 sides of the cells. 



Schaffner, Some Researches on the Multiplication of Cells (in the 

 Flora, p. 481, et seq.). Cells are formed around one or more cytoblasts, 

 also around cytoblasts and cells already completed. The cytoblasts may 

 also be developed independently into cells, by becoming hollow. Cells 

 are also formed without a nucleus, the nucleus growing afterwards. 

 Multiplication of cells by division does not occur. The very youngest 

 cells exhibit no primordial utricle ; this is subsequently formed. 



Karl Mutter, Some Observations on the Formation of Starch (in the 

 Botanische Zeitung, p. 833, et seq.). The cytoblasts are converted into 

 starch, and this only occurs in the completed cells. The cytoblast 

 expands vesicularly, is metamorphosed into amylum (passes into a dif- 

 ferent condition of aggregation ! ! !) ; new layers are deposited upon the 

 interior of its walls from the cytoblastema. The whole is observed in 

 the fruits of rotten Chares. 



Hugo von Mohl, On the Multiplication of Vegetable Cells by Division 

 (in his Vermischte Schriften, p. 362, et seq.). In the Conferva, particu- 

 larly in Conferva glomerata, the primordial utricle forms a circular 

 fold inward, and thus divides the cell-contents into two portions ; this 

 fold of the primordial utricle is followed somewhat later by a fold of the 

 cell-membrane itself, which, finally arriving at the axis of the cell, blends, 

 and from the nature of its origin forms a complete double septum : thus 

 one cell has become two by division. 



1846. Ndgeli, Nuclei, Formation and Growth of Cells in Plants 

 (in the Zeitschrift fiir wiss. Botanik, Heft 3 and 4. p. 22, et seq.). 



1. There is a free cell-formation without a nucleus, through expansion 

 and excavation of a minute globule, in certain of the lower Algce, and in 

 the formation of the spores of the Lichens and Fungi. Sometimes a 

 nucleus is subsequently produced in the completed cell. This process of 

 abnormal cell-formation also occurs in the older cells of the Confervas, 

 as also in the formation of the spores in the species of Zygnema. 



2. Perfectly homogeneous globules of mucilage are formed, the nucleoli; 

 around these a perfectly homogeneous nucleus, on which a proper 

 membrane is soon to be distinguished. A homogeneous layer of muci- 

 lage is deposited around the nucleus; this gradually becomes thick, 

 especially at one side ; then granular in the interior ; next it is enveloped 

 by a membrane, and the cell with a parietal nucleus is complete. 

 This process characterises the cell- formation in the embryo-sac of the 

 Phanerogamia. 



Karl Muller, Development of the Lycopodiacece (in the Botanische 



