CHAPTER III. 



ASCENDING PART. HERBAGE. 



12. CAULIS, the Stem, properly so called, serves to 

 elevate the leaves and flowers above the ground, as 

 in trees, shrubs, and many herbaceous plants, but 

 is not essential to all. 



13. The Stem is either annual, or perennial ; simple, 

 or branched; leafy, scaly, or naked; solid, or hol- 

 low ; upright, twining, climbing, procumbent, or 

 creeping ; straight, spreading, or zigzag ; round, an- 

 gular, winged, or compressed ; smooth, downy, hairy, 

 bristly, or prickly; even, striated, furrowed, or 

 warty. 



14. A branched Stem (13) is either irregularly sub- 

 divided, or 



i. Caulis dichotomies, a Forked Stem, having a flower 

 at each fork or subdivision. 



2. altern^ ramosus, alternately branched, the 



branches being solitary, and variously directed. 



3. opposite ramosus, oppositely branched, when 



two branches stand together, spreading in oppo 

 site directions. 



4-. verticillatus,\vhor\ed, many branches spread- 

 ing in every direction from one point. 



5. determinate ramosus, abruptly branched, 



