6 ASCENDING PART. HERBAGE. 



when each branch, after terminating in flowers, 

 sends out numerous shoots from near its extremity. 



e. Caulis articulatuSj jointed, as in Samphire, and 

 Cactus. 



7. distichus, two-ranked, the branches spread- 

 ing in two opposite directions. 



8. brachiatus, four-ranked, when they spread 



in four directions. 



9. volubilis, twining, turns spirally ; to the 



right in some plants, to the left in others, inva- 

 riably. 



15. Plants without a stem are termed acaules, stem- 

 less, and the leaves are then necessarily radical, 

 springing directly from the root. 



16. Culmus, a Culm or Straw, the peculiar stem of 

 Grasses, is leafy, cylindrical, well known, though 

 not easily defined, nor is this term very necessary. 

 See fig, 139, 141. 



i. Culmus enodis, simple, or without joints, as in 



Juncus effiisus, &c. 

 2. articulatus, jointed, as in Oats, and 



most Grasses, 

 s. geniculatusj bent, at one or more joints, 



like the knee or elbow. 



The surface is either smooth, rough, downy or hairy, 

 never prickly ; often striated or furrowed. 



17. Scapus, a Stalk, springs from the root, and bears 

 the flowers and fruit, but no leaves. 



18. The Scapus is either simple or branched ; single- 



