TYPHACEAE (CAT-TAIL FAMILY) 67 



1. T. occidentalis L. (ARBOR VITAE, WHITE CEDAR.) Leaves appressed- 

 imbricated in 4 rows on the 2-edged branchlets ; scales of the cones pointless ; 

 seeds broadly winged all round. Swamps and cool rocky banks, e. Que. to 

 Pa., along the mts. to N. C., west to Minn, and Man. A tree 10-20 m. high, 

 with pale shreddy bark, and light, soft, but very durable wood. 



9. JUNiPERUS [Tourn.] L. JUNIPER 



Flowers dioecious, or occasionally monoecious, in very small lateral catkins. 

 Anther-cells 3-6, attached to the lower edge of the shield-shaped scale. Fertile 

 catkins ovoid, of 3-6 fleshy coalescent scales, each 1-ovuled, in fruit forming 

 a sort of berry, which is scaly-bracted underneath, bluish-black with white 

 bloom. Seeds 1-3, ovate, wingless, bony. Cotyledons 2. Evergreen trees or 

 shrubs. (The classical name.) 



1. OXYCEDRUS Spach. Catkins axillary; leaves in whorls of 3, free and 

 jointed at base, linear-subulate, prickly-pointed, channeled and white- 

 glaucous above. 



1. J. communis L. (COMMON J.) Arborescent, 2-4 m. high ; leaves thin, 

 straight, long and relatively narrow (12-21 mm. in length, 1.5 mm. broad at 

 the base), widely spreading, grayish beneath, needle-pointed ; berry subglobose, 

 6-8 mm. in diameter. Dry soil, e. Mass, (where rare) to Pa., Man., and 

 south w. in the mts. to N. C. and N. Mex. (Eu.) 



Var. deprSssa Pursh. Decumbent, forming large mats, 3-10 dm. high and 

 often several m. in diameter ; leaves 8-13 mm. long, straight or nearly so, sharp- 

 pointed and with a white stripe beneath ; berry 6-10 mm. in diameter. (J. com- 

 munis, var. canadensis Loud.; var. alpina Man. ed. 6, in part.) Common in 

 poor, rocky soil, pastures, etc., Nfd. to Ct., along the Great Lakes and 

 northwestw. 



Var. montana Ait. Very depressed and trailing ; leases short and relatively 

 broad, curved, subappressed, 6-9 mm. long, 1.6-2 mm. broad, short-pointed, 

 with a conspicuous white stripe beneath. (Var. alpina Gaud.; J. nana Willd.) 

 Exposed rocky places, coast of n. Mass, (where doubtful) to Nfd. ; also in the 

 Rocky Mts. and Alaska. (Eurasia.) 



2. SABiNA Spach. Catkins terminal ; leaves mostly opposite, sometimes 

 awl-shaped and loose, sometimes scale-shaped, appressed-imbricated and 

 crowded, the latter with a resiniferous gland on the back. 



2. J. horizontalis Moench. A procumbent, prostrate, or sometimes creeping 

 shrub ; scale-like leaves acutely cuspidate ; berry on short recurved peduncles, 

 6-10 mm. in diameter. (J. Sabina, var. procumbens Pursh.) Rocky or sandy 

 banks, borders of swamps, etc., Nfd. to N. E., N. Y., n. Minn., and north w. 

 J. Sabina L., the SAVIN of Europe, has its scale-like leaves obtuse and more 

 closely appressed. 



3. J. virginiana L. (RED CEDAR or SAVIN.) From a shrub to a tree 

 15-25 m. high, pyramidal in form ; scale-like leaves obtuse or acutish, entire; 

 berries on straight peduncles, about 6 mm. in diameter. Dry hills or deep 

 swamps, s. Me., westw. and south w. Bark shreddy, and heart-wood red and 

 aromatic. 



TYPHACEAE (CAT-TAIL FAMILY) 



Marsh or aquatic herbs, with nerved and linear sessile leaves, and monoecious 

 flowers on a spadix, destitute of proper floral envelopes. Ovary 1-celled, with 

 persistent style and elongated 1 -sided stigma ; cell 1-ovuled. Fruit nut-like. 

 Seed suspended, anatropous; embryo straight in copious albumen. Root 

 perennial. 



