136 



GRAMINEAE (GRASS FAMILY) 



9. C. cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton. Glaucous; culms stout, 

 1-1.8 m. high, solitary or few, erect or leaning; leaves very 

 scabrous, sometimes sparingly hirsute, 1.5-3 dm. long, 5-10 mm. 

 wide (those of the innovations shorter, narrow) ; panicles 8-17 

 cm. long, tapering to summit, usually much contracted; spike- 

 lets 6-7 mm. long ; glumes keeled, very scabrous, acuminate- 

 aristate, the tips usually curved outward, exceeding the acuminate 

 lemma which is awned above the middle ; callus-hairs about 

 \ the, length of the floret, those of the rudiment copious, con- 

 no. C. cinnoides. fined to the tip, almost equaling the lemma. (C. Nuttal- 



Spikeiet with de- liana Steud.) Moist ground, 

 tached glumes x 3. HO. 



Me. to O. and southw. FIG. 



36. AMM6PHILA Host 



Spikelets 1-flowered, large, awnless, crowded in a' long spike-like panicle ; 

 rhachilla prolonged behind the palea into a hairy bristle ; glumes firm, subequal, 

 compressed-keeled, acute ; lemma of like texture, surrounded 

 at base with short hairs, 2-toothed at the apex and mucronate 

 between the teeth ; palea nearly as long, rather firm, the two 

 nerves close together. A coarse perennial with creeping root- 

 stocks, rigid culms and involute leaves. (Name from &/JL/J.OS, 

 sand, and <t>i\elv, to love.} 



1. A. arenaria (L.) Link. (SEA SAND-REED, PSAMMA, 

 MARRAM, BEACH GRASS.) Culm stout, 0.5-1 m. high, branch- 

 ing at the base, from firm running rootstocks ; leaves long, 

 soon involute ; panicle 1-4 dm. long ; spikelets compressed ; 

 glumes and lemma scabrous. (A. arundinacea Host. ) Sandy 

 beaches, along the coast, N. B. to N. C. ; and on the Great Lakes, inflorescence x y 10 . 

 Aug., Sept. (Eu.) An important sand-binder. FIG. 111. Spikelets x l. 



111. A. arenaria. 



37. APERA Adans. 



Spikelets 1-flowered ; rhachilla prolonged behind the palea 

 into a minute naked bristle ; glumes thin in texture, subequal, 

 and slightly exceeding the lemma which bears a slender awn 

 from just below the apex ; palea nearly as long as the lemma, 

 2-toothed. Annuals with flat leaves and diffuse panicles. 

 (Name from Atnjpos, unmaimed ; application obscure.) 



^ 1. A. SPICA-VENTI (L.) Beauv. Culms slender, 3-7 dm. 

 high, tufted, erect or geniculate at the lower nodes ; blades 

 linear ; panicle 1-3.5 dm. long, the very slender branches 

 verticillate, spikelet-bearing near the ends ; spikelets 2 mm. 

 112. A. spica-venti. long, shining ; lemma scabrous, awn 5-7 mm. long. Spar- 

 Spikelet with de- ingly naturalized eastw. June, July. (Nat. from Eu.) Fio. 

 tached glumes x 3. 112. 



38. CfNNA L. WOOD REED GRASS 



Spikelets 1-flowered ; rhachilla articulated below the glumes, forming a short 

 naked stipe below the floret, and prolonged behind the palea into a minute 

 bristle ; glumes narrow, hispidulous on the keel ; lemma 3-5-nerved, with a short 

 awn from between the minute teeth of the bifid apex ; palea 1-nerved, or 2-nerved, 

 the nerves close together ; stamen 1. Tall perennials with flat leaves, conspicu- 

 ous hyaline ligules, and many-flowered nodding panicles. (From iclvva, a name 

 used by Dioscorides for a kind of grass.) 



1. C. arundinacea L. Culms 0.5-1.5 m. high, erect, solitary or few together , 

 blades 2-3 dm. long, 1 cm. or less wide (rarely wider), slightly scabrous panicle 



