190 



CYPEKACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



\A /1k as t n 9 as tne culm, and like it rough-edged ; outer scale 



Y vP usually overtopping the ovoid or subcylindric straw-colored 



or brownish spikelet ; bristles mostly about as long as the 



, 7a ,, , . f r achene. Dry open woods, Mass, and Vt. to Del., Pa., and 



Mo. May, June. FIG. 278. 



5. S. caespitbsus L. Culms terete, wiry, 1-5 dm. high, densely sheathed 

 at base, in compact turfy tufts ; the upper sheath bearing a very short awl- 

 shaped leaf ; spikelet ovoid, rust-color ; outer rigid-pointed 

 scale scarcely surpassing the spikelet ; bristles smooth, longer 

 than the abruptly short-pointed achene. Mts., cold shores 

 and swamps, Lab. to Alaska, s. to N. S., n. N. E., N. Y., 111., 



Minn etc.; and on the summits of the s. 7 g< caespitosu8 . 

 Alleghemes. (Eurasia.) FIG. 279. 



6. S. hudsonianus (Michx.) Fernald. Culms slender, 

 many in a row from a running rootstock (1.5-4 dm. high), 

 scabrous, naked ; sheaths at the base awl-tipped ; scales 

 brownish, oblong-lanceolate ; bristles white, crisped, many 

 times exceeding the narrowly obovoid apiculate achene. 

 (Eriophorum alpinum L., not 8. alpinus Schleich.) Cold 

 bogs and wet shores. Nfd. to Hudson Bay and B. C., s. 

 280. S. hudsonianus. to Ct -> N - Y -> Mich..'and Minn. May-Aug. (Eu.) FIG. 



7. S. subterminalis Torr. Aquatic, rarely emersed ; 

 rootstock slender; culms (0.3-1 m. long, thickish-filiform) 

 partly and the shorter filiform leaves wholly submersed, 

 cellular ; the filiform green bract 1-5 cm. long, surpassing 

 the subcylindric to ovoid spikelet (6-13 mm. long) ; scales 

 green or straw-color, somewhat pointed ; bristles bearded 

 downward, rather shorter than the abruptly pointed achene. 

 Slow streams and ponds, Nfd. to B. C., s. to N. J., Pa., 281. S. subterminalis. 

 Mich., n. Ind., etc. FIG. 281. 



8. S. rufus (Huds.) Schrad. Freely stoloniferous ; culms 

 smooth, subterete, compressed, 1-6 cm. high, taller than the sub- 

 terete channeled callous-tipped firm mostly basal leaves ; spike 

 distichous, 1-2 cm. long, consisting of closely crowded 2-5-flowered 

 spikelets ; involucre 1-5 cm. long, sometimes wanting ; scales 

 castaneous, conduplicate, pointed ; bristles 0, or 3-6, upwardly 

 barbellate, much shorter than the plano-convex ellipsoid long-beaked 

 282. S. rufus. achene (4.5-5.5 mm. long) . Brackish marshes, e. N. B. 

 and Que. July, Aug. (Eurasia.) FIG. 282. 



9. S. Hallii Gray. Culms slender, terete, 1-4 dm. high ; upper 

 sheath rarely distinctly leaf -bearing ; spikelets 1-7 in a sessile or 

 sometimes geminately proliferous cluster, ovoid becoming cylindri- 

 cal, acute, greenish (0.5-1. 5 cm. long); scales ovate, strongly keeled, 

 cuspidate-acuminate ; stamens 2 or 3 ; style 2-cleft ; bristles 

 none; achene obovate-orbicular, mucronate, plano-convex, strongly 

 wrinkled transversely. (S. supinus, var. Gray.) Wet shores, 111. 



to Fla. and Tex.; also Winter Pond, Winchester, Mass. Aug., 2g3 Q 

 Sept. FIG. 283. 



10. S. d6bilis Pursh. Culms obtusely triangular, with somewhat hollowed 



sides, 1-6 dm. high, yellowish-green, shining ; spikelets 1-12, 

 capitate, ovoid, obtuse (0.5-1 cm. long); involucral leaf often 

 horizontal at maturity ; scales roundish, with tawny margins ; 

 .stamens 3 ; style 2-3-cleft ; bristles 6, stout, downwardly barbed, 

 equaling or two surpassing the broadly obovoid turgid abruptly 

 mucronate-pointed achene. Sandy or muddy shores, Me. to 

 Minn., and southw. Aug., Sept. FIG. 284. Var. WiLLiAiwsii 

 Fernald. Bristles wanting. Massapoag L., Sharon, Mass. 



11. S. Smithii Gray. Culms terete, slender, 0.5-4 dm. high, 

 284. S. debilis. often leaf-bearing from the upper sheath, dull green as are the 



