198 



CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



f3. F. simplex Vahl. Perennial, 1-8 dm. high ; leaf-sheaths 

 hairy; perianth-scales ovate-oblong, the retrorsely barbed awns 

 arising from below the tip, bristles equaling or exceeding the 

 308. F. simplex, white achene. Sandy or saline soil, Mo. and Kan. to Mex. 

 Fruit x 2%. Aug. -Oct. FIG. 308. 



309. H. micrantha. 



Plant x %. Spikelet x 2%. 



Achene x 10. 



12. HEMICARPHA Nees & Arn. 



Spikelet, flowers, etc., as in Scirpus, except that 

 there is a minute translucent scale (readily overlooked) 

 between the flower and the axis of the spikelet. Sta- 

 men only 1. Style 2-cleft. Bristles or other perianth 

 none. (Name -from TJ^L-, half, and KdpQos, straw or 



chaff, in allusion to the single inner 



scalelet.) 



1. H. micrantha (Vahl) Britton. 



Dwarf or minute annual (0.2-15 dm. 



high); involucre 1-leaved, as if a 



continuation of the bristle-like culm, 



and usually with another minute 



leaf; spikelets, 1-3, short-cylindric or ovoid (2-4 mm. long) ; 



scales oblong or narrowly obovate, brown, tipped with a short 



recurved point ; achenes cylindric, brown, slightly reticulated, 



with many close rows of crowded low papillae. (H. sub- 



squarrosa Nees. ) Sandy borders of ponds 



310. H.Drummondi. an ? riv6rS ' N ' H ' tO Fla ->. W " to the Paci ^ C 5 



Xet^ 2 o %< w^rf t 4^Sir. P Aug-Oct "(Mex^ 

 fc>. A.) .b IG. ooy. 



2. H. Drumm6ndi Nees. Similar ; scales broadly obovate 

 or rhombic, the broad green midrib barely projecting as a blunt 

 appressed tip ; achenes narrowly obovoid, ashy, scarcely reticu- 

 lated, the papillae fewer and somewhat remote. Damp sand, 

 etc., w. Ont., Ind., and 111. to Ark., Kan., arid Tex. July- 

 Oct. FIG. 310. 



3. H. occidentalis Gray. Spikelets globose, the wide-spread- 

 ing lanceolate or narrowly ovate scales tapering to slender re- 

 curved awns (as long as the blades') ; achenes as in the latter. 

 Damp sand, w. Ont. ; Wash, to Cal. July-Oct. FIG. 311. 



311. H. occidentalis. 

 Spikelets x 2%. 

 Achene x 10. 



13. LIPOCARPHA R. Br. 



Spikelets terete, many-flowered, in a terminal close cluster 

 involucrate by leafy bracts. Scales spatulate, regularly im- 

 bricated in many ranks, awnless, deciduous, a few of the 

 lowest empty. Inner scales (bracelets) 2 to each flower, thin, 

 one between the scale of the spikelet and the flower, one 

 between the latter and the axis of the spikelet. Stamens 1 

 or 2. Style 2-3-cleft. Achene flattish or triangular, naked 

 at the tip. Culms leafy at base. (Name formed of A/TTOS, 

 fat, and KdpQos, chaff, from the thickness of the inner scales 

 of some species.) 



1. L. maculata (Michx.) Torr. Annual; culm (0.5-2.5 

 dm. high) much longer than the linear concave leaves ; 

 spikelets (3-7 mm. long) green and dark-spotted ; inner 

 scales delicate ; stamen 1 ; achene oblong with a contracted 



base. Springy or miry places, Va. to Fla. ; near Philadelphia, probably adv, 



July-Oct. FIG. 312. 



312. L. maculata. 



