ERIOCAULACEAE ( PIPE WORT FAMILY) 261 



1. ERIOCAULON [Gronov.] L. PIPEWORT 



Flowers monoecious and androgynous, i.e. both kinds in the same head, either 

 intermixed, or the central ones sterile and the exterior fertile, rarely dioecious. 

 Ster. FL Calyx of 2 or 3 keeled or boat-shaped sepals, usually spatulate or dilated 

 upward. Corolla tubular, 2-3-lobed, each of the lobes bearing a black gland or 

 spot. Stamens inserted one at the base of each lobe and one in each sinus. 

 Pistils rudimentary. Fert. FL Calyx as in the sterile flowers, often remote from 

 the rest of the flower (therefore perhaps to be viewed as a pair of bractlets). 

 Corolla of 2 or 3 separate narrow petals. Stamens none. Ovary often stalked, 

 2-3-lobed ; style 1 ; stigmas 2 or 3, slender. Capsule membranaceous, loculicidal. 

 Leaves mostly smooth, loosely cellular and pellucid, flat or concave above. 

 Flowers, also the tips of the bracts, etc., usually white-bearded or woolly. 

 (Name compounded of cpiov, wool, and Kav\6s, a stalk, from the wool at the 

 base of the scape.) Our species are all stemless, wholly glabrous excepting at 

 the base and the flowers, with a depressed head and dimerous flowers. 



1. E. decangulare L. Leaves obtuse, varying from lanceolate to linear-awl- 

 shaped, rather rigid, 6-40 cm. long ; scapes 10-12-ribbed (3-9 dm. high) ; 

 head hemispherical, becoming globose (6-14 mm. in diameter) ; scales of the 

 involucre acutish, straw-color or light brown ; chaff (bracts among the flowers) 

 pointed. Pine-barren swamps, N. J. and Pa. to Fla. and Tex. 



2. E. compressum. Lam. Leaves spreading (5-12 cm. long), grassy-awl- 

 shaped, rigid, or when submersed thin and pellucid, tapering gradually to a 

 xharp point, mostly shorter than the sheath of the 10-ribbed scape ; scales of the 

 involucre very obtuse, turning lead-color ; chaff obtuse. (E. gnaphalodes 

 Michx.) Pine-barren swamps, N. J. to Fla. 



3. E. articulatum (Huds.) Morong. Peduncles 1 -several ; leaves 2-8 cm. 

 long, awl-shaped, pellucid, soft and very cellular ; scape 4-7-striate, slender, 5-15 

 cm. high or when submersed becoming 3-20 dm. long according to the depth of 

 the water ; chaff acutish ; head 5-9 mm. broad, at length depressed-globose ; 

 bracts, chaff, etc., lead-colored except where whitened by short but coarse 

 beard; anthers longer than broad. (E. septangulare With.) In ponds or 

 along their borders, Nfd. to N. J., w. to Ind., Mich., Minn., and Ont. July, 

 Aug. (Ireland and adjacent islands.) 



4. E. ParkSri Robinson. Leaves lance-linear, 3-6 cm. long, attenuate from 

 a base 3-4 mm. broad to a very sharp tip ; peduncles 10-22, erect, slightly rigid ; 

 heads small (3-4 mm. in diameter), even in fruit surrounded by a campanulate 

 involucre ; chaff and flowers nearly glabrous ; anthers as broad as long. 

 Banks of the Delaware R. near Camden, N. J. (T. P. James, Parker.) 



2. SYNGONANTHUS Ruhland. 



Stamens as many as the (often involute) lobes of the funnel-form corolla in 

 the sterile flowers, and opposite them, commonly 3, and the flower ternary. 

 Petals of the fertile flowers united to the middle. Otherwise nearly as in 

 Eriocaulon. (Name from vtyyovos, connate, and &v8os, flower, from the united 

 petals. ) 



1. S. flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhland. Tufted, stemless; leaves bristle-awl- 

 shaped (2-7 cm. long); scapes (1-4 dm. high) very slender, simple, minutely 

 pubescent, 5-angled ; bracts of the involucre oblong, pale straw-color, those 

 among the flowers mostly obsolete ; perianth glabrous ; sepals and petals of the 

 fertile flowers linear-lanceolate, scarious- white. (Paepalanthus Kunth.) Low 

 pine-barrens, s. Va. to Fla. and Ala. 



3. LACHNOCAULON Kunth. HAIRY PIPEWORT 



Flowers monoecious, etc., as in Eriocaulon. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla 

 none ! Ster. FL Stamens 3 ; filaments below coalescent into a club-shaped 

 tube around the rudiment of a pistil, above separate and elongated ; anthers 

 1-celled 1 Fert. FL Ovary 3-celled, surrounded by 3 tufts of hairs (in place of 



