JtJNCACEAE (RUSH FAMILY) 267 



* * Stamens alike, with sagittate anthers capsule 1-celled, with 3 parietal pla- 

 centae ; leaves linear, translucent, sessile ; submerged grass-like herbs, with 

 only the flowers reaching the surface. 

 3. H. dubia ( Jacq. ) MacM. The slender branching stems clothed with leaves 



and bearing a terminal 1 -flowered spathe (becoming lateral); flowers small, pale 



yellow, with a very long thread-like tube. (H. graminea Vahl.) N. E. to Ont., 



westw. and southw. 



JUNCACEAE (RUSH FAMILY) 



Grass-like or rush-like herbs, with small regular and hypogynous persistent 

 flowers, 3 glumaceous sepals, and 3 similar petals, 6 or rarely 3 stamens with 

 2-celled anthers, a single short style, 3 filiform hairy stigmas, and an ovary 

 either 3-celled or I-celled with 3 parietal placentae, forming a loculicidal 

 3-valved capsule. Seeds anatropous, with a minute embryo inclosed at the base 

 of the fleshy albumen. Flowers liliaceous in structure, but sedge-like in aspect 

 and texture. 



1. Juncus. Capsule 3-celled (sometimes imperfectly so), many-seeded. Plants never hairy. 



2. LttZttla. Capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded. Plants often hairy. 



1. JUNCUS [Tourn.] L. RUSH. BOG RUSH 



Capsule 3-celled, or 1-celled by the placentae not reaching the axis. Stamens 

 when 3 opposite the 3 sepals. Chiefly perennials, and in wet soil or water, 

 with pithy or hollow and simple (rarely branching) stems, and cymose or clus- 

 tered small (greenish or brownish) flowers, chiefly in summer. (The classical 

 name, from jurigere, to join, alluding to the use of the stems for bands.) 



a. Inflorescence appearing lateral ; the involucral leaf erect, similar to 

 and continuing the naked or essentially naked scape ; rootstock 

 creeping b. 



6. Sheaths at base of the scape leafless. 

 Stamens 3. 

 Capsule tipped by a crown-like blunt mucro, formed by the 



thick base of the style ; inflorescence densely cap 



Capsule truncate or emarginate at tip, without a distil 



Inflorescence loose, the primary branches conspicu< 



itate . 17. J. conglomeratnu. 

 net mucro. 



[nflorescence loose, the primary branches conspicuous . . 16. J. effusus. 

 Inflorescence a dense head, the primary branches short and 



inconspicuous (16) J. effusus, v. compactits. 



Stamens 6. 



Flowers greenish ; capsule broadly ovoid, barely mucronate, 



about equaling the calyx 15. J.filiformis. 



Flowers brown ; capsule more or less trigonous, distinctly mu- 

 cronate. 



Calyx 2-2.7 mm. long, much exceeded by the capsule . . 18. J. SmitMi. 

 Calyx 3.5-5 mm. long, nearly or quite equaling the capsule 



14. J. balticus, v. ttttoralis. 



b. Sheaths (or at least the inner ones) bearing long terete scape-like 



leaves. 



Flowers solitary at the tips of the ultimate ramifications of the 

 cyme ; capsule subglobose, 8-4 mm. in diameter, about equaled 

 by the spreading sepals . . . ,. . . . 10. J. setaoeus. 



Flowers clustered at the tips of the ultimate bratithlets ; capsule 

 trigonous, barely 2 mm. broad ; sepals and petals appressed- 

 ascending. 

 Capsule broadly ovoid, about equaling the calyx ; seeds ovoid, 



obtuse 19. J". Boemerianus. 



Capsule ellipsoid, exceeding the calyx ; seeds with long caudate 



tips 20. J. mariiimus. 



o. Inflorescence terminal c. 



c. Leaves flat, or somewhat terete, or setaceous and channeled, but 



never septate d. 

 d. Annuals with soft bases and fibrous roots. 



Sepals much shorter than the rigid petals ; flowers in dense 



clusters ; stamens 3 ; capsule subulate . . . . 42. J. repens, 

 Sepals equaling or exceeding the petals ; stamens 6 ; capsule 



ellipsoid or ovoid. 



