286 LILIACBAE (LILY FAMILY) 



with smooth margins, and yellowish drooping flowers, in spring, solitary on ter- 

 minal peduncles. (Name "from the flowers hanging like the uvula, or palate.") 



1. U. perfoliata L. Glaucous throughout, 2-5 dm. high, with 1-3 leaves 

 below the fork ; leaves glabrous, oblong- to ovate-lanceolate, acute ; perianth- 

 segments granular-pubescent within (1.8-3.6 cm. long) ; stamens shorter than 

 the styles; tip of the connective acuminate; cells of the capsule with 2 dorsal 

 ridges and 2-beaked at the apex. Rich woods, e. Mass, to Ont., Dak. and southw. 



2. U. grandifldra Sm. Yellowish green, not glaucous ; stem naked or with 

 a single leaf below the fork ; leaves whitish-pubescent beneath, usually some- 

 what acuminate ; perianth-segments smooth within or nearly so (2.5-4.5 cm. 

 long); stamens exceeding the styles, obtusely tipped; capsule obtusely lobed. 

 (U.flava Sm.) Rich woods, w. N. H. to Ga., westw. to Minn, and Kan. 



12. OAKESIA Wats. 



Flowers resembling those of Uvularia, but the segments obtuse or acutish, 

 carinately gibbous and without ridges within. Capsule membranous, elliptical, 

 acutish at each end or shortly stipitate, triquetrous and acutely winged, very 

 tardily dehiscent. Seeds globose, with a very tumid spongy rhaphe. Stem 

 acutely angled, from a slender creeping rootstock, with sessile clasping leaves 

 scabrous on the margin, and 1 or 2 flowers terminal on slender peduncles but 

 soon appearing opposite the leaves by the growth of the branches. (Dedicated 

 to William Oakes, New England botanist, 1799-1848.) 



1. 0. sessilif61ia (L.) Wats. Leaves lance-oblong, acute at each end, pale, 

 glaucous beneath, sessile or partly clasping; divisions of the perianth 1.4-2.5 

 cm. long; anthers obtuse; capsule short-stipitate, 1.2-2 cm. long. (Uvularia 

 L.) Woods and thickets. 



2. 0. pubrula (Michx.) Wats. Slightly puberulent ; leaves bright green 

 both sides and shining, oval, mostly rounded at base, with rougher edges; 

 styles separate to near the base, not exceeding the acute anthers ; capsule not 

 stipitate, 2-2. 5 cm. long. '(Uvularia Michx. ; O. sessilifolia, var. nitida Britton.) 

 Pine-barren swamps and mountain woods, N. J. to S. C. 



13. LLIUM [Tourn.] L. ONION. GARLIC 



Perianth of 6 entirely colored sepals, which are distinct, or united at the very 

 base, 1-nerved, often becoming dry and scarious and more or less persistent ; 

 the 6 filaments awl-shaped or dilated at base. Style persistent, thread-like ; 

 stigma simple or only slightly 3-lobed. Capsule lobed, loculicidal, 3-valved, 

 with 1-2 ovoid-kidney-shaped amphitropous or campylotropous black seeds 

 in each cell. Strong-scented and pungent herbs ; the leaves and usually 

 scapose stem from a coated bulb; flowers in a simple umbel, some or all of 

 them frequently replaced by bulblets ; spathe scarious, 1-2-valved. (The an- 

 cient Latin name of the Garlic.) 



Ovary not crested. 

 Capsule strongly 3-lobed, cells 1-ovuled ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. 



broad ............. 1. A. tricoccum. 



Capsule ovoid to obovoid, slightly lobed ; cells 2-several-ovuled ; leaves 



linear or terete. 

 Umbel capitate ; the pedicels shorter than or little exceeding the peri- 



anth . . . . ......... 2. A. Schoenoprasum. 



Umbel open (except when as in A. canadense and A. vineale the 

 flowers are more or less replaced by sessile bulblets) ; the pedicels 

 much exceeding the perianth. 

 Stem leafy to or above the middle ; bulb-coats fibro-membranous, not 



strongly reticulated ......... 8. A. vineale. 



Stem leafy only near the base ; bulb-coats in age strongly netted. 

 Umbel few-flowered, nearly always converted partially or wholly 



into an ovoid inclosed head of bulblets ..... 6. A. canadense. 



Umbel many-flowered ; bulblets none ...... 7. A. mutaMle. 



Ovary and capsule conspicuously crested. 

 Umbel nodding ............ 3. A. cernuum. 



Umbel erect; stamens and style exserted . ...... 4. A. stellatum. 



Umbel erect ; stamens and style included . . . . . . . 5. A. reticulatum. 



