LIL1ACEAE (LILY FAMILY) 291 



1. C. borealis (Ait.) Raf. Scape and leaves 14-25 cm. long ; terminal umbel 

 3-6-flowered (sessile lateral umbels often present on the same scape) ; perianth 

 greenish-yellow, somewhat downy outside (12-18 mm. long) ; berry ovoid, blue ; 

 ovules 20 or more. Cold moist woods, Lab. to N. C., w. to Man. and Minn. 



2. C. umbellulata (Michx.) Morong. Flowers half as large as in the last, 

 white, speckled with green or purplish dots; umbel many-flowered; berry 

 globular, black; ovules 2 in each cell (C. umbellata Torr.) Rich woods, 

 N. Y., N. J., and in the Alleghenies to Ga. 



24. SMILACINA Desf. FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL 



Perianth 6-parted, spreading, withering-persistent. Filaments 6, slender; 

 anthers short, introrse. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; style short 

 and thick; stigma obscurely 3-lobed. Berry globular, 1-2-seeded, at first 

 greenish or yellowish-white speckled with madder brown, at length a dull sub- 

 translucent ruby red. Perennial herbs, with simple stems from creeping or 

 thickish rootstocks, alternate nerved mostly sessile leaves, and white, sometimes 

 fragrant flowers. (Name a diminutive of Smilax.) 



* Flowers on very short pedicels in a terminal racemose panicle ; stamens exceed- 

 ing the small (2 mm. long) segments; ovules collateral; rootstock stout, 

 fleshy. 



1. S. racembsa (L.) Desf. (FALSE SPIKENARD.) Minutely downy (4-10 

 dm. high) ; leaves numerous, oblong or oval-lanceolate, taper-pointed, ciliate, 

 abruptly somewhat petioled. ( Vagnera Morong.) Moist copses and banks. 



** Flowers larger (4-5 mm. long), on solitary pedicels in a simple few-flowered 

 raceme ; stamens included ; ovules not collateral; rootstock rather slender. 



2. S. stellata (L.) Desf. Plant (2-5 dm. high) nearly glabrous, or the 7-12 

 oblong-lanceolate leaves minutely downy beneath when young, slightly clasping; 

 raceme sessile or nearly so. (Vagnera Morong.) Moist banks, frequent. 

 (Eu.) 



3. S. trifblia (L.) Desf. Glabrous, dwarf (1.3-2 dm. high) ; leaves 3 (some- 

 times 2 or 4), oblong, tapering to a sheathing base; raceme peduncled. ( Vag- 

 nera Morong.) Cold bogs, Lab. to N. J., westw. to B. C. (Siber.) 



25. MAIANTHEMUM [Weber in] Wiggers. 



Perianth 4-parted, and stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled ; stigma 2-lobed. Other- 

 wise as in Smilacina. Flowers solitary or fascicled, in a simple raceme upon 

 a low 2-3-leaved stem. Leaves ovate- to lanceolate-cordate. (Name from 

 Mains, May, and Avde/mov, a flower.) 



1. M. canadSnse Desf. Pubescent or glabrous (6-22 cm. high) ; leaves 

 lanceolate or ovate, cordate at base with a very narrow sinus, sessile or very 

 shortly petioled ; perianth-segments 2 mm. long. ( Unifolium Greene.) Moist 

 woods, Lab. to N. C., w. to la., Dak., and Man. 



26. DiSPORUM Salisb. 



Perianth narrowly bell-shaped, the 6 lanceolate or linear divisions deciduous. 

 Filaments thread-like, much longer than the linear-oblong blunt anthers. Ovary 

 with 2 ovules (in our species) suspended from the summit of each cell; style 

 one ; stigmas 3, short, recurved-spreading, or sometimes united into one ! Berry 

 ovoid or subcylindric, pointed, 3-6-seeded, red. Downy low herbs, with creep- 

 ing rootstocks, erect stems sparingly branched above, closely sessile ovate thin 

 leaves, and greenish-yellow drooping flowers on slender terminal peduncles, soli- 

 tary or few in an umbel. (Name from 5/s, double, and airopd, seed, in allusion 

 to the 2 ovules in each cell.) 



1. D. lanuginbsum (Michx.) Nichols. Leaves taper-pointed, rounded or 



