308 ORCHIDACEAE (ORCHIS FAMILY) 



3. HABENARIA Willd. REIN ORCHIS. FRINGED ORCHIS 



Flowers usually small, in loose or dense racemes. Sepals spreading, mostly 

 similar ; petals erect, connivent with the upper sepal. Lip entire, toothed or 

 fringed laterally, or tripartite, the divisions wedge-shaped and variously toothed 

 or fimbriate. Spur shorter or longer than the lip. Glands or viscid disks (to 

 which the pollen masses are attached) naked and exposed, separate, sometimes 

 widely so. In some of our species the stigma has two or three appendages. 

 Glabrous plants with one or more leaves. Tuberoids elongated, fusiform, or 

 (in no. 1) somewhat palmate. (Name from habena, a thong or rein, in allusion 

 to the shape of the lip or spur of some species.) An amphigean genus often 

 separated by authors into numerous genera. 



* Lip not fringed. 



*- Leaves cauline, several, at least more than two. 

 M- Lip ^-toothed at the apex. 



1. H. bracteata (Willd.) R. Br. Stem 15-60 cm. high, rather stout; lower 

 leaves oblanceolate to obovate, the upper oblong to lanceolate, acute ; floral 

 bracts 2-4 times the length of the green flowers ; raceme 10-30- 

 flowered ; petals linear ; lip oblong or slightly spatulate, 2-3- 

 toothed at the apex, more than twice the length of the saccate 

 whitish spur ; tuberoids somewhat palmate, the divisions elon- 

 gated, tapering. (Coeloglossum Parl.)- Damp woods and 

 thickets, N. S. to Alaska, s. to Wash., Minn., and Pa.; and 

 along the mts. to N. C. May-Aug. (China and 

 Japan.) FIG. 611. 



M- -M- Lip hastate, with a tubercle at the base. 



611. II. bracteata ~ _ ,,^ 



xu 2. H. flava (L.) Gray. Stem 25-55 cm. high; 



leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, the upper- 

 most linear-lanceolate, passing into the bracts of the elongated 612. H. flava 

 raceme ; petals ovate ; lip truncate, sometimes refuse, with a tooth x 1%. 

 or protuberance on the median line near the base; spur slender, 

 4-6 mm. long. (H. virescens Spreng. ; Perularia flava Farwell.) Wet places, 

 N. S. to Minn., and common southw. June, July. FIG. 612. 



H- ++ -w Lip lanceolate, entire. 



3. H. hyperb&rea (L.) R. Br. Stem leafy, leaves oblong-lanceolate ; raceme 

 loose or dense ; flowers greenish ; upper sepal ovate, lateral sepals somewhat 

 lanceolate ; petals lanceolate, erect ; lip lanceolate, deflexed, or curved upwards ; 

 spur about as long as the lip, slender, or clavate at the apex ; 

 glands of the stigma orbicular. (Limnorchis Rydb.) Peat bogs 

 and wet cold woods, Nfd. to Alaska, southw. to Pa., Neb., and 

 westw. June- Aug. (Iceland.) A species variable in height, in 

 the length and breadth of the leaves, in the size of the flowers, 

 and in the relative length of the lip and spur; therefore 

 supposed by some authors to include several species. 



4. H. dilatata (Pursh) Gray. Similar to the pre- 

 ceding ; flowers white, more delicate in texture : lip 

 lanceolate with a dilated rhomboidal base ; stigma narrow. (Lim- 

 norchis Rydb.) Meadows, bogs, and wet woods, Nfd. to Alaska, 

 N. J., Minn., and westw. May-Aug. (Iceland.) FIG. 613. 



Var. mddia (Rydb.) Ames. A greenish-flowered form of the 

 species distinguishable by the rhomboidal base of the lip from 614< H . nivea 

 H. hyperborea. ' x i V 3 . 



5. H. nivea (Nutt.) Spreng. Stem slender, 3-6 dm. long; leaves 

 numerous, the lower ones lance-linear, 10-16 cm. long, the others passing into 

 linear bracts ; raceme lax or dense ; flowers white, numerous ; petals and lip 

 narrowly oblong ; spur slender, ascending, as long as the white untwisted ovary ; 



