ORCHIDACEAE (ORCHIS FAMILY) 313 



toothed at the dilated apex ; stigma protuberant, turned down. Bogs, Nfd. to 

 Ont. and Minn., Pa., and mts. of S. C. May, June. 



7. SERAPIAS L. 



Flowers in a loose or somewhat dense bracteose raceme. Sepals ovate- 

 lanceolate, strongly keeled. Petals shorter, ovate, acute. Lip strongly saccate 

 at base, the apical part broadly cordate, acute, with a raised a callus in the middle 

 and two inconspicuous nipple-like protuberances on each side near the point of 

 union with the sac. Column broad at the top, the basal part narrower ; anther 

 sessile, behind the broad truncate stigma on a slender-jointed base ; pollen 

 farinaceous, becoming attached to the gland capping the small 

 rounded beak of the stigma. Stem leafy. (Named for the 

 Egyptian deity. Serapis.) EPIPACTIS of auth., not Boehm. 



1. S. Helleborine L. Plants 25-60 cm. high ; leaves clasp- 

 ing the stem, conspicuously nerved, broadly ovate to lanceolate, 

 acute; perianth about 8 mm. long, green suffused with madder- 

 purple; lip similarly colored, but darker within, the apical por- 

 tion as if jointed with the sac, bituberculate at base. (Epipactis 625 ' 9. Helleborine 

 Crantz ; E. latifolia All. ; E. mridiflora Reichenb.) Rare and 

 local, Que. and Ont. to Mass., N. Y., and Pa. Probably introduced from Europe 

 in early times on account of supposed medicinal value. July-Aug. (Eu.) 

 FIG. 625. 



8. SPIRANTHES Richard. LADIES' TRESSES 



Perianth somewhat ringent. Lateral sepals lanceolate, the upper sepal united 

 with the oblong petals. Lip short-stalked, with a callus protuberant within on 

 each side of the base, the somewhat dilated summit spreading or recurved, crisped, 

 wavy, or rarely toothed or lobed. Column short, bearing the ovate stigma on 

 the front, and the sessile or short-stalked (mostly acute or pointed) 2-celled 

 erect anther on the back ; pollen-masses 2 (1 in each cell), narrowly obovoid, 

 each 2-cleft and split into thin and tender plates of granular pollen united by 

 elastic filaments, coherent to the narrow viscid gland, which is set in the slender 

 or tapering thin beak which terminates the column. After the removal of the 

 gland, the beak is left as a 2-toothed or forked tip. Roots clustered. Stem 

 bracted above, leaf-bearing below or at the base. Flowers small, white, yellow- 

 ish- or greenish- white in a more or less spirally twisted raceme (whence the 

 name, from (rirelpa, a coil or curl, and &v6os, a flower). GTROSTACHYS Pers. ; 

 IBIDIUM Salisb. 



* Flowers in a single rank, often secund. 



- Leaves fugacious, ovate or elliptic. 



*- Soot solitary ; lip white. 



1. S. BSckii Lindl. Plants with a solitary subcylindrical or spindle-shaped 

 root, and bearing a small slender raceme of white flowers ; perianth 2-3 inm. 

 long. (S. simplex Gray.) Dry soil, near the coast, Mass, to 

 Fla. and Tex., inland in the Miss. Valley to Ky. and Ark. Aug., 

 Sept. FIG. 626. Root of preceding year often persistent. 



w- -w- Soots fasciculate ; lip green. 



2. S. gracilis (Bigel.) Beck. Plants from a cluster of thickened 

 roots, slender, 2-8 dm. high, bearing a slender many-flowered 

 mostly one-sided or spirally twisted raceme ; perianth about 5 mm. 

 long ; lip greenish, with a white crisped margin. Dry soil, N. S. 

 to L. Winnipeg and Tex. July-Sept. 



<- -i- Leaves persistent, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. 



+ Lip ovate to ovate-oblong, pubescent beneath. 



3. S. vernalis Engelm. & Gray. Plant 15-56 cm. high ; roots elongated, 

 fusiform ; leaves 7-15 cm. long, 8-9 mm. wide, tapering to both ends, mostly 



