FAGACEAE (BEECH FAMILY) 



343 



684. Q. velutina. 



half of the dark-brown puberulent often 

 striped ellipsoid to subglobose small (1.2-2 

 cm. long) acorn; leaves smooth and lus- 

 trous in age, with axillary tufts beneath, 

 becoming yellow or pale brown in autumn, 

 the 5-7 oblong lobes coarsely toothed at sum- 

 mit ; bark gray, close and smooth , or in age 

 shallowly fissured, light yellow within. Clay 

 or gravel, s. Mich, to Man. and la. A me- 

 dium-sized tree, in habit said to resemble the 

 eastern Q. palustris. FIG. 683. 



16. Q. velutina Lam. (QUERCITRON, YEL- 

 LOW-BARKED or BLACK O.) Cup turbinate, 

 or hemispherical with a conical base, 1.8- 

 2.3 cm. broad, its upper pubescent thin light- 

 chestnut scales loosely imbricated or squar- 

 rose when dry ; acorns ovoid to hemispherical, 

 1.2-2 cm. long, light-brown, often pubescent; 

 leaves variously divided, ordinarily with hairy 

 tufts in the axils beneath, turning brownish, 

 orange, or dull red in autumn ; bark dark- 

 brown and rough, internally orange. (Q. 

 tinctoria Bartr. ; Q. coccinea, var. tinctoria 



A. DC.) Dry or gravelly uplands, s. Me. to w. Ont., 



and southw. The bark is largely used in tanning. 



FIG. 684. Var. MISSOURIENSIS Sarg. Leaves with 



permanent rusty pubescence beneath, and cup-scales 



tomentose. Mo. and Ark. 



17. Q. falcata Michx. (SPANISH O.) Leaves gray- 

 ish-downy or fulvous underneath, 3-5-lobed above 

 (sometimes entire); the lobes prolonged, mostly nar- 

 row and more or less scythe-shaped, especially the 

 terminal one, entire or sparingly cut-toothed ; acorn 

 globose, 8-10 mm. long ; cup saucer-shaped with a 

 somewhat top-shaped base and about half the length 

 of the acorn. (Q. digitata Sud worth ; Q. pagodae- 

 folia Ashe.) Dry or sandy soil, N. J. to Fla. ; and 

 from s. Ind. to Mo. and Tex. A large or small tree, 

 extremely variable in foliage ; bark excellent for tan- 

 ning. FIG. 685. 



18. Q. ilicifblia Wang. (BEAR or BLACK SCRUB 

 O.) Dwarf (1-3, rarely 6, m. high), straggling; 

 leaves (5-10 cm. long) thickish, obovate, wedge- 

 shaped at base, angularly about 5(3-7)-?o&ed, 

 white-downy beneath; lobes short and triangular, 



spreading ; acorn 10-12 mm. 

 long. ( Q. nana Sarg. ) Sandy 

 barrens and rocky hills, N. E. to 

 686. 



19. Q. nigra L. (WATER O. ) Leaves 

 glabrous and shining, obovate-spatulate 

 or narrowly wedge-form, with a long 

 tapering base and an often obscurely 

 3-lobed summit, varying to oblanceolate. 

 (Q. aquatica Walt.) Wet ground, 

 around ponds, etc , Del. to the Gulf ; 

 and from Ky. and Mo. to Tex. Tree 

 8-12 m. high ; running into many vari- 

 eties, especially southw. ; the leaves on 

 686. Q. ilicifoiia. seedlings and strong shoots often ia- 



687. Q. nigra. 



