BERBERIDACEAE (BARBERRY FAMILY) 411 



greenish, the petals in the sterile ones auriculate-inflexed below around the fila- 

 ments j drupe red (as large as a small pea). (Cebatha Britton.) River banks, 

 Va. to s. 111., Kan., and southw. July, Aug. 



* 



2. MENISPERMUM [Tourn.] L. MOONSEED 



Sepals 4-8. Petals 6-8, short. Stamens 12-24 in the sterile flowers, as long 

 as the sepals ; anthers 4-celled. Pistils 2-4 in the fertile flowers, raised on a 

 short common receptacle ; stigma broad and flat. Drupe globular, the mark of 

 the stigma near the base, the ovary in its growth after flowering being strongly 

 incurved so that the (wrinkled and grooved) laterally flattened stone takes 

 the form of a large crescent or ring. The slender embryo therefore is horseshoe- 

 shaped ; cotyledons filiform. Flowers white, in small and loose axillary pani- 

 cles. (Name from /j,^vrj, moon, and <rirtp/j.a, seed.} 



1 . M. canadSnse L. Leaves peltate near the edge, 3-7-angled or -lobed. 

 Banks of streams, w. Que. and w. N. E., westw. and southw. June, July. 

 Drupes black with a bloom, ripe in September, looking like frost grapes. 



3. CALYCOCARPUM Nutt. CUPSEED 



Sepals 6, petaloid. Petals none. Stamens 12 in the sterile flowers, short ; 

 anthers 2-celled. Pistils 3, spindle-shaped, tipped with a radiate many-cleft 

 stigma. Drupe globular ; thin crustaceous putamen hollowed out like a cup on 

 one side. Embryo foliaceous, heart-shaped. Flowers greenish white, in long 

 racemose panicles. (Name from /cdAu, a cup, and Kapirds, fruit.} 



I. C. Lybni (Pursh) Nutt. Leaves large, thin, deeply 3-5-lobed, cordate at 

 the base ; the lobes acuminate ; drupe 2.5 cm. long, black when ripe. Rich 

 soil, Ky. to s. 111., Kan., and southw. May. Climbing to the tops of trees. 



BERBERIDACEAE (BARBERRY FAMILY) 



Shrubs or herbs, with the sepals and petals both imbricated in the bud, usu- 

 ally in two rows of 3 (rarely 2 or 4) each; the hypogynous stamens as many as 

 the petals and opposite to them ; anthers opening by 2 valves or lids hinged at 

 the top. (Podophyllum is an exception in having more numerous stamens, the 

 anthers opening along the sides ; Jeffersonia, in having the sepals in one row.) 

 Pistil single. Filaments short. Style short or none. Fruit a berry or a pod. 

 Seeds few or several, anatropous, with albumen. Embryo small, except in 

 Berberis. Leaves alternate, with dilated bases or stipulate. 



* Petals 6-9 ; stamens 8-18 ; fruit many-seeded ; herbs. 



1. Podophyllum. Petals 6-9. Stamens 12-18 ; anthers not opening by uplifted valves. Fruit 



a large berry. 



2. Jeff ersonia. Petals and stamens usually 8 ; anthers opening by uplifted valves. Pod opening 



by a lid. 



* * Petals and stamens 6 ; fruit few-seeded. 



3. Diphylleia. Herb with white flowers ; petals much longer than the sepals. Berry 2-4-seeded. 



4. Caulophyllum. Herb with greenish flowers ; petals thick, much shorter than the sepals. 



Ovary soon bursting ; the two seeds left naked. 



5. Berberis. Shrubs, with yellow flowers and wood ; a pair of glandular spots on the base of 



each petal. Fruit a berry. 



1. PODOPHYXLUM L. MAY APPLE. MANDRAKE 



Flower-bud with three green bractlets, which early fall away. Sepals 6, 

 fugacious. Petals 6 or 0, obovate. Stamens twice as many as the petals in our 

 species ; anthers linear-oblong, not opening by uplifted valves. Ovary ovoid; 



