CRUCIFERAE (MUSTARD FAMILY) 433 



the base ; flowers bright yellow, somewhat racemose even in anthesis; pods erect 

 or ascending on spreading pedicels. (B. lyrata Asch. ; B. Barbarea MaeM.) 

 Low grounds and roadsides ; apparently introduced in the Eastern and Central 

 States, but indigenous from L. Superior northw. and westw. (Eu.) 



2. B. strlcta Andrz. Closely similar in foliage ; flowers paler, during anthe- 

 sis corymbosely aggregated at the summit of the raceme ; pods appressed. 

 Shores and meadows, e. Que. to Alaska, s. to Va., Great Lake region, Mo. , and 

 westw. (Eu.) 



3. B. VERNA (Mill.) Asch. (EARLY W.) Leaves with 5-8 pairs of lateral 

 lobes and pods longer, on very thick pedicels. (B. praecox Sm.) Somewhat 

 cultivated as a winter salad, under the name of SCURVY GRASS, and naturalized 

 Irom Mass, southw. (Introd. from Eu.) 



25. SELENIA Nutt. 



Pod large, oblong-elliptical, flat ; the valves nerveless. Seeds in 2 rows in 

 each cell, rounded, broadly winged ; cotyledons accumbent ; radicle short. A 

 low annual, with once or twice pinnatifid leaves and leafy-bracteate racemes of 

 yellow flowers. (Name from ffeXjv-r), the moon, with allusion to Lunaria, which 

 this genus somewhat resembles in its pods.) 



1. S. aurea Nutt. Lobes of the simply pinnatifid leaves entire or toothed ; 

 pod 1.2 cm. long, on elongated spreading pedicels, beaked by the long slender 

 style. Sandy soil, Mo. and Kan. to Tex. 



26. IODANTHUS T. & G. 



Pod long, linear, somewhat flattened ; valves 1-nerved ; stigma entire but 

 slightly elongated over the placentae. Seeds 1-ranked in each cell, oblong, 

 marginless. Cotyledons essentially accumbent. Erect perennial with purplish 

 flowers. (Name from tuSTjs, violet-colored, and &v$os, flower.) 



1. I. pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. Glabrous, 3-9 dm. high ; root-leaves 

 round or heart-shaped, on slender petioles ; stem-leaves auricled, ovate-oblong 

 and ovate-lanceolate, sharply and often doubly toothed, tapering to each end, 

 the lower into a winged petiole, rarely bearing a pair or two of small lateral 

 lobes ; pods 1.8-3 cm. long, on short diverging pedicels, pointed by a short style. 

 (Thelypodium Wats.) Alluvial river-banks, w. Pa. (Porter} to Minn., Mo., 

 and southwestw. Fl. May, June ; fr. July, Aug. 



27. LUNARIA L. MOONWORT 



Pods very large and flat. Seeds large, winged. Cotyledons accumbent. 

 Tall herbs with large purple flowers and ovate-deltoid cordate dentate leaves, of 

 which the earliest are opposite. (Name from luna, the moon, alluding to the 

 persistent silvery septum of the fruit.) 



1. L. ANNUA L. (HONESTY.) Annual or biennial; pods broadly elliptic, 

 rounded at each end. Often cultivated, and escaping in s. w. Ct. and e. Pa. 

 (Introd. from Eu.) 



2. L. REDIVIVA L. Perennial; pods broadly lance-oblong, somewhat pointed 

 at each end. Also cultivated, and established, it is said, near Niagara. (Introd. 

 from Eu.) 



28. LEAVENW6RTHIA Torr. 



Pod broadly linear or oblong, flat ; the valves nerveless, but minutely reticu- 

 late-veined. Seeds in a single row in each cell, flat, surrounded by a thick 

 wing. Embryo straight ! or the short radicle only slightly bent in the direction 

 which if continued would make the orbicular cotyledons accumbent. Little 

 winter annuals, glabrous and often stemless, with lyrate leaves and short 1-few- 

 flowered scape-like peduncles. (Named for Dr. M. C. Leavenworth, a southern 

 botanist of the last century.) 



GRAY'S MANUAL 28 



