ROSACEAE (ROSE FAMILY) 479 



calyx-lobes acute or acuminate, entire, vtllous above, tinged with red : 

 stamens 10-20; anthers light yellow ; styles 3-5 ; fruit short-ellipsoidal, 

 black, 8-10 mm. thick' flesh yellow, sweet; nutlets 3-5, 5-6 mm. long, 

 2.5-3.5 mm. thick, ear-shaped, ridged on the dorsal and roughly pitted 

 on the ventral face; trees or shrubs, 3-13 m. high, with ascending branches 

 and dark brown scaly bark ; twigs reddish ; thorns usually 1-2 cm. long. 



65. C. Douglasii Lindl. The only species of this section within our range. 

 (C. glandulosa,v&r. ft brevispina Nutt.) Common on Keweenaw Peninsula, 

 Mich. ; Michipicoten I., L. Superior; Thunder Bay L, L. Huron; and far 

 north westw. Fl. May ; fr. Aug., Sept. FIG. 784. 



9. COTONE ASTER [Rupp.] Medic. 



Calyx small, adherent to the 2-5 carpels, the 5 lobes short, persistent as teeth. 

 Styles free, stigmatic at the slightly enlarged summit. Carpels at maturity 

 bony, 1-seeded. Fruit small, berry-like, mealy. Much branched shrubs with 

 small alternate usually coriaceous and often evergreen leaves, and small white 

 cymose flowers. (Name New Latin implying resemblance to the quince.) 



1. C. PYRACANTHA (L.) Spach. (FIRE THORN.) Shrub, armed with slender 

 spreading purple spines ; leaves elliptic-oblanceolate, crenate-serrate, coriaceous, 

 3-6 cm. long ; fruit globose, scarlet. (Pyracantha coccinea Roem.) Attrac- 

 tive shrub, used for formal hedges, etc., said to have escaped from cultivation 

 and become established in thickets, s. Pa., and south w. (Introd. from Eu.) 



10. FRAGARIA [Tourn.] L. STRAWBERRY 



Flowers nearly as in Potentilla, but in varying degrees polygamo-dioecious. 

 Styles deeply lateral. Receptacle in fruit much enlarged and conical, becoming 

 pulpy and scarlet, bearing the minute dry achenes scattered over its surface. 

 Stemless perennials, with runners, and with white cymose flowers on scapes. 

 Leaves radical ; leaflets 3, obovate- wedge- form, coarsely serrate ; stipules coher- 

 ing with the base of the petioles, which with the scapes are usually hairy. 

 Flowering in spring and early summer. (Name from the fragrance of the fruit.) 



* Inflorescence umbelliform or a flatfish-topped cyme with subequal primary 



branches ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, tending to be appressed or connivent about 

 the young fruit; achenes in pits of the pulpy receptacle. 



1. F. virginiana Duchesne. Leaves, peduncles, and runners from a subsim- 

 ple caudex at the end of a simple thickish rhizome ; leaflets of a firm slightly 

 coriaceous texture ; the hairs of the villous (rarely glabrate) scapes subappressed 

 or widely spreading ; pedicels silky. Moist rich woodlands, fields, etc. ; com- 

 mon. The typical form is a rather slender plant with the hairs of the scape 

 loosely appressed or more or less spreading. A form with the pubescence gen- 

 erally more sparing, the hairs on the scapes being subappressed, is sometimes 

 distinguished. (F. canadensis Michx., in part.) Common northw. Another 

 scarcely separable form has the hairs on both scapes and petioles sparse and 

 subappressed. (F. terrae-novae Rydb.) Northeastw. and less frequent. 



Var. illinoensis (Prince) Gray. Coarser and larger ; scapes and pedicels 

 tomentose with somewhat spreading to divaricate hairs. (F. illinoensis Prince ; 

 F. virginiana, var. Qrayana Rydb.) Rich soil, w. N. Y. to Minn., and south- 

 westw. 



* * Inflorescence soon irregular and somewhat raceme-like, the primary branches 



of the cyme distinctly unequal ; calyx-lobe^ lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 

 loosely spreading or reflexed, much shorter than the early exposed fruit ; 

 achenes superficial or nearly so, slightly smaller than in the preceding. 



2. F. v6sca L. Usually stoutish ; leaflets rather deeply toothed, strongly 

 veined above ; pubescence of the petioles and stipe mostly wide-spreading, that 



