526 LEGUMINOSAE (PULSE FAMILY) 



Peduncle well developed. 

 Flowers 1-6, tiny (2-4 mm. long) ; seeds 2-4 ; annuals. 



Pods glabrous, 4-seeded 4. V. tetrasperma. 



Pods hairy, 2-seeded 5. V. hirsuta. 



Flowers usually more numerous, larger ; perennials except no. 10. 

 Smooth or merely appressed-pubescent perennials. 

 Flowers 6-12 mm. long. 



Flowers '2-8 ; seeds 4-6 6. V. ludoviciana. 



Flowers more numerous ; seeds 6-12. 



Flowers 1-1.2 cm. long, blue and purple 7. V. Cracca. 



Flowers barely 1 cm. long, white, the keel tipped with blue . 8. V. caroliniana. 



Flowers 1.5-1.8 cm. long 9. V. americana. 



Villous annual or biennial 10. V. mlloaa. 



1. V. SATIVA L. (SPRING V.) Annual (or winter-annual), pubescent, becom- 

 ing glabrate ; the stem simple or branched at base ; leaves essentially uniform ; 

 leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong to oblong-obovate, truncate to emarginate and inucro- 

 nate at apex, 1.5-3 cm. long, 5-13 mm. broad; flowers chiefly in twos in the 

 upper axils, 2-3 cm. long, showy, purple and rose-color; calyx 1-1.5 cm. long; 

 pod pubescent when young, torulose, 4-8 cm. long, 7-8 mm. wide. Cultivated 

 for forage in eastern Canada and occasionally elsewhere, and sometimes persist- 

 ing or spreading to waste ground. July, Aug. (Introd. from Eurasia.) 



2. V. ANGUSTIF6LIA (L.) Reichard. (COMMON V.) Similar, glabrous or 

 glabrate; leaflets 2-5 (rarely 6) pairs, those of the lower leaves .oblong and trun- 

 cate, of the upper linear- to lance-attenuate, mucronate, 1.5-3 cm. long. 1-4 mm. 

 broad; flowers smaller (1-1.8 cm. long} ; calyx 7-11 mm. long; pod 4-5.5 cm. 

 long, 5-7 mm. wide, less torulose. Gravelly waste places, chiefly eastw. May- 

 Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) Var. SKGETA.LIS (Thuillier) Koch. Leaflets of the upper 

 leaves truncate or emarginate and mucronate at apex, oblong to oblong-obovate, 

 2-8 mm. broad. (V. sativa Man. ed. 6, not L.) Roadsides, waste places, etc., 

 common. (Nat. from Eu.) 



3. V. SEPIUM L. Perennial ; leaflets 5-8 pairs, elliptic-ovate ; flowers 3-4, in 

 subsessile racemes; pod oblong, obliquely acuminate, many-seeded. Locally 

 in fields and waste places, Me. to Out. June, July. (Nat. from Eu.) 



4. V. TETRASPERMA (L.) Moench. Peduncles l-2-flowered ; leaflets 4-6 

 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse ; calyx-teeth unequal ; corolla bluish ; pods narrow, 

 4-seeded, smooth. Waste places, e. Que. to Ont., Fla., and Miss. May-Sept. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



5. V. HiRstiTA (L.) S. F. Gray. Peduncles 3-6-flowered ; leaflets 6-8 pairs, 

 truncate ; calyx-teeth equal ; corolla whitish ; pods oblong, 2-seeded, hairy. 

 Waste places, e. Que. to Ont. and Ga. May-Aug. (Nat. from Eu.) 



6. V. ludoviciana Nutt. Peduncles f-l| times as long as the leaves, 2-8- 

 flowered; leaflets 7-11, elliptical to oblong ; flowers 6-8 mm. long, blue or pur- 

 ple. Greene Co., Mo. (Blankinship} , and southw. Apr., May. 



7. V. Cracca L. Appressed-pubescent; leaflets 8-24, oblong-lanceolate, 

 strongly mucronate; racemes densely many-flowered, 1 -sided ; flowers blue, 

 turning purple (rarely white), 1-1.2 cm. long, reflexed ; calyx-teeth shorter than 

 the tube. Borders of thickets or in fields, Nfd. to N. J., w. to Ky., la., and 

 Minn. June-Aug. (Eu.) 



8. V. caroliniana Walt. Nearly smooth ; leaflets 8-24, oblong, obtuse, 

 scarcely mucronate; peduncles loosely flowered ; flowers small, more scattered 

 than in the preceding, whitish, the keel tipped with blue ; calyx-teeth very short. 

 River-banks, Ont. to Ga., Minn., and Kan. Apr. -June. 



9. V. americana Muhl. Glabrous ; leaflets 10-14, elliptical or ovate-oblong, 

 very obtuse, many-veined ; peduncles 4-8-flowered ; flowers purplish (1.5-1.8 cm. 

 long). Moist soil, N. Y. to Va. , Minn., Kan., and westw. May, June. Var. 

 TRUNCATA (Nutt.) Brewer. Leaflets conspicuously truncate. Reported from 

 e. Kan. Var. ANGUST^LIA Nees. Leaflets linear. (Var. linearis Wats.) 

 Minn., westw. and southw. 



10. V. VILLOSA Roth. (HAIRY or WINTER V.) Resembling V. Cracca, but 

 annual or biennial ; the stems, peduncles, and leaves villous ; the violet and 

 white flowers larger. Frequently planted for fodder, and inclined to persist or 

 escape into dry open soil. May-Sept. (Introd. from Eurasia.) 



