TILIACEAE (LINDEN FAMILY) 565 



N. Y. ? to centr. 111., Mo., Neb., and south w. May, June. Var. FOETIDA 

 Engelm., of the Mississippi Valley, has unpleasantly aromatic fruit. 



6. V. vulpina L. (RIVER-BANK or FROST G.) Differing from the last in the 

 larger and more persistent stipules (4-6 mm. long), more shining and usually 

 3-lobed leaves with a broad rounded or truncate sinus and large acute or acumi- 

 nate teeth ; smaller compact inflorescence ; berries 8-10 mm. in diameter, blue, 

 with a bloom, acid and very juicy, ripening from Sept. to Nov. ; rhaphe indistinct. 

 ( V. riparia Michx.) Stream-banks or near water, N. B. to W. Va., N. Dak., 

 and Kan. Var. PRAECOX Bailey has small sweet early fruit. Mo. 



7. V. palmata Vahl. (RED or CAT G.) Branches bright red; leaves dark 

 green and dull, 3-5-lobed, with a broad sinus, the lobes usually long-acuminate ; 

 inflorescence large and loose ; berries black, without bloom, ripening late ; seeds 

 very large and rounded ; otherwise like no. 6. (V. rubra Michx.) 111., Mo., 

 and south w. 



8. V. mpSstris Scheele. (SAND or SUGAR G.) Usually low and bushy, often 

 icithout tendrils ; leaves rather small, shining, broadly cordate, abruptly pointed, 

 with broad coarse teeth, rarely a little lobed ; berries rather small, sweet, in 

 very small close bunches, ripe in Aug. Sandy banks, hills, etc., s. Pa. (Porter} 

 to Mo., and south w. Var. DISSECTA Eggert has more ovate and somewhat 

 laciniately toothed leaves. Mo. 



2. MUSCADlNIA Planch. Bark closely adherent on the branches ; pith con- 

 tinuous through the nodes ; tendrils simple, intermittent ; seeds with trans- 

 verse wrinkles on both sides. 



9. V. rotundifblia Michx. (MUSCADINE, BULLACE, or SOUTHERN Fox G.) 

 Leaves shining both sides, small, rounded, heart-shaped at the base, with broad 

 and bluntish teeth, seldom lobed ; panicles small, densely flowered ; berries 

 large (1.2-1.8 cm. in diameter), musky, purplish, without a bloom, with a 

 thick and tough skin, ripe early in autumn. ( V. vulpina Man. ed. 5, not L.) 

 River-banks, Del. (Commons) to Ky., Mo., Kan., and south w. May. Branch- 

 lets minutely warty. This is the original of the Scuppernong Grape, etc. 



TILlACEAE (LINDEN FAMILY) 



Trees (rarely herbs), with the mucilaginous properties, fibrous bark, valvate 

 calyx, etc., of the Mallow Family ; but the sepals deciduous, petals imbricated in 

 the bud, the stamens usually polyadelphous, and the anthers ^-celled. Repre- 

 sented in northern regions by the single genus 



1. TILIA [Tourn.] L. LINDEN. BASSWOOD 



Sepals 5. Petals 5, spatulate-oblong. Stamens numerous ; filaments coher- 

 ing in 5 clusters with each other (in European species), or with the base of a 

 spatulate petal-like body placed opposite each of the real petals. Pistil with 

 a 5-celled ovary, and 2 half-anatropous ovules in each cell, a single style, and a 

 5-toothed stigma. Fruit dry and woody, indehiscent, globular, becoming 1-celled 

 and 1-2-seeded. Embryo in hard albumen ; cotyledons broad and thin, 5-lobed, 

 crumpled. Fine trees, with soft and white wood, very fibrous and tough inner 

 bark, more or less heart-shaped and serrate alternate leaves (oblique and often 

 truncate at the base), deciduous stipules, and small cymes of flowers hanging 

 on an axillary peduncle which is united to a ligulate membranaceous bract. 

 Flowers cream-color, honey-bearing, fragrant. (The classical Latin name.) 



1. T. americana L. (BASSWOOD.) Leaves large, green and glabrous or 

 nearly so ; floral bract usually tapering or stalked at base ; fruit ovoid, obscurely 

 ribbed. Rich woods. May, June. Here rarely called LIME-TREE, oftener 

 WHITE WOOD, commonly BASSWOOD ; the last name now obsolete in England. 



2. T. Michaiixii Nutt. Leaves smaller (5-7.5 cm. long), rather densely pu- 

 bescent and grayish-green beneath; floral bract usually rounded at base; fruit 



