VIOLACEAE (VIOLET FAMILY) 581 



ff. Leaves deltoid, glabrous, sharply dentate below the middle . 17. V. emarginaia. 

 g. Leaves parted into narrow lobes ; species of the Atlantic coast 18. V. Brittoniana. 

 g. Leaves ovate-deltoid, the margins closely pectinate or sharply 



dentate 19. V. pecUnata. 



g. Leaves parted into many linear segments, or sometimes only 



cleft ; species of the Middle West 20. V. pedatifida. 



f. Spurred petal glabrous, narrow 21. V. viarum. 



a. Rootstock long and filiform, producing slender runners except in 



no. 29 h. 

 h. Petals lilac or pale violet. 



Leaves minutely hairy on the upper surface ; spur large . . 22. V. Selkirkii. 



Leaves glabrous ; spur very short 28. F. palustris. 



h. Petals white, with purple lines on the three lower (WHITE VIOLETS) i. 

 i. Leaves glabrous on both sides, rarely pubescent in no. '25 ; 

 cleistogamous capsules ellipsoid, green, on erect peduncles. 



Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate 24. V. lanceolata. 



Leaves ovate, acute, base subcordate or tapering . . .25. V. primulifolia. 



Leaves heart-shaped, usually obtuse 26. F. pallens. 



i. Leaves pubescent on one or both sides ; cleistogamous capsules 

 ovoid, usually purplish, on erect peduncles only when ripe ; 

 seeds brown, 1.5-2 mm. long. 



Leaves heart-shaped, minutely hairy above ; plant elsewhere gla- 

 brous ; lateral petals beardless 27. F. blanda. 



Leaves broadly heart-shaped ; plant more or less pubescent ; 



lateral petals bearded 28. F. incognita. 



Leaves reniform, pubescent ; lateral petals beardless . . 29. F. renifolia. 



2. V. cucullata Ait. Leaves except the earliest acute or pointed ; petalif- 

 erous flowers violet-blue becoming darker toward the throat, commonly on 

 peduncles much taller than the leaves ; spurred petal glabrous, generally some- 

 what shorter than the lateral ; sepals narrowly lanceolate ; cleistogamous flowers 

 on erect or ascending often elongated peduncles ; capsules ovoid-cylindric, green, 

 10-15 mm. long, but little exceeding the long-auricled sepals ; seeds dark brown, 

 1.5 mm. long. (V. palmata, var. Gray, in part.) Wet places, common. 

 Forms with flowers white or pale lavender are not infrequent. 



3. V. nephrophylla Greene. Nearly or quite glabrous ; earliest leaves orbic- 

 ular or slightly reniform, later leaves broadly heart-shaped, obtuse, obscurely 

 crenate, 3-6 cm. wide ; flowers large, violet, on peduncles generally exceeding 

 the leaves ; spurred petal villous, the upper pair often with scattered hairs ; 

 sepals ovate to lanceolate, obtuse and often rounded ; cleistogamous flowers on 

 erect or recurved peduncles ; capsules green, glabrous, short-ellipsoid ; seeds 

 olive-brown. (F". vagula Greene.) Cold mossy bogs, and borders of streams 

 and lakes, e. Que. to B. C., s. to centr. Me., n. w. Ct., s. Ont., Wise., Col., 

 and Wash. 



4. V. affinis Le Conte. Leaves that unfold at flowering time narrowly heart- 

 shaped and commonly attenuate toward the apex, becoming 4-6 cm. broad in 

 summer, the margins noticeably crenate-serrate or sometimes irregularly sinu- 

 ate ; petioles slender ; petals violet, with the white base conspicuous, spurred 

 petal more or less villous ; cleistogamous flowers small, ovoid, on rather long 

 ascending peduncles ; capsules ellipsoid, usually purple-dotted, sometimes green, 

 either glabrous or clothed with minute dense pubescence ; sepals acuminate, half 

 the length of the capsule, with small appressed auricles ; seeds buff-colored. 

 (F. venustula Greene.) Moist thickets and boggy meadows, w. N. E. to Wise., 

 and southw. 



5. V. latiuscula Greene. Earliest leaves round-cordate, 2-3 cm. wide, ob- 

 tuse ; mature leaves 4-10 cm. wide, often dilated and abruptly pointed, glabrous 

 except for occasional puberulence or granular roughness on the edges of the 

 petiole near the blade ; flowers large, rich violet ; spurred petal somewhat vil- 

 lous ; outer sepals lanceolate, glabrous, with short rounded auricles ; cleistoga- 

 mous capsules ovoid or ellipsoid, flecked with purple, 8-12 mm. long, the per- 

 sistent sepals one third as long ; seeds brown. Dry open woods, in light soil, 

 Vt. to N. J. 



6. V. missouriensis Greene. Aestival leaves narrowly deltoid with a cordate 

 base, or sometimes broader with rounded basal lobes and pointed apex, rather 

 coarsely crenate-serrate ; flowers pale violet, with a darker band above the white 

 center ; spurred petal glabrous ; sepals ovate-oblong to lanceolate, narrowly 



