VIOL ACE AE (VIOLET FAMILY) 



585 



3. Style enlarged upward, abruptly capitate, beakless; stigma within a small 

 orifice on the lower side of the summit (Fig. 808) ; petals yellow. 



30. V. rotundifblia Michx. (ROUND-LEAVED or EARLY 

 YELLOW V.) Rootstock stout, jagged with the persistent 

 bases of former leaves ; runners short, usually without roots 

 or leaves, bearing 1-5 cleistogamous flowers, thus simulating 

 racemes ; leaves oval or round-cordate, obtuse, repand-crenu- 

 late, with short and narrow basal sinus, at flowering time 

 minutely pubescent, 2-3 cm. wide, in midsummer mostly 

 glabrous, (3-10 cm. wide, prostrate ; petals bright yellow, the 



808. V. rotundifolia. three lower with brown veins, the lateral bearded ; capsules 

 ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, closely dotted with purple ; seeds nearly 



white. Cold woods, centr. Me. to s. w. Ont., O., Pa., Del., and 



along the Alleghenies to n. Ga. FIG. 808. 



4. Style not club-shaped nor capitate, ending in a small hook 

 pointing downward (Fig. 809); petals violet or sometimes 

 white. 



31. V. ODORATA L. (ENGLISH or SWEET V.) Producing 

 above ground leafy stolons ; leaves broadly cordate, finely pu- 

 bescent ; flowers very fragrant ; summer-capsules broadly ovoid, 

 angled, pubescent, purple ; seeds relatively large, cream-colored. 

 Often cultivated, and occasionally spontaneous. (Introd. from 

 Eu.) FlG. 809. 809. V. odorata. 



II. PLANTS WITH LEAFY STEMS 



5. Style capitate, beakless, bearded at the summit (Fig. 810); spur short; stip- 

 ules entire, the lower more or less scarious. 



Stems numerous, ascending, bearing leaves and flowers from near the 



base 82. V. NuttalUi. 



Stems few, mostly erect, not leafy below. 

 Petals yellow. 



Nearly glabrous ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped or narrowly heart-shaped 33. V. hastata. 

 Softly pubescent; root-leaves often wanting; stem-leaves broad, often 



over 7 cm. wide 84. V. pubescens. 



Sparingly pubescent ; root-leaves usually 1-2 ; stem-leaves rarely over 7 



cm. Avide 85. F. scabrinscula. 



Petals white inside, outside tinged with violet 86. F. canadensis. 



32. V. Nuttallii Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly crenate, tapering into margined 

 petioles; petals yellow, sometimes violet on the outside. Prairies, Mo., N. 

 Dak., and westw. 



33. V. hastata Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED V.) Stem slender, 1-2.5 dm. 

 high, from a horizontal fleshy rootstock ; stem-leaves 2-4 near the summit, 

 halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, 

 small. Woods, n. O., mts. of Pa., and southw. 



34. V. pubSscens Ait. (DOWNY YELLOW V.) Softly pubescent, 2-3.5 dm. 

 high ; stems often solitary; leaves 2-4 near the summit (or occasionally a long- 

 petioled root-leaf), broadly ovate with cordate or truncate-decurrent base, 

 crenate-dentate, somewhat pointed ; stipules large, ovate-oblong ; petals purple- 

 veined, the lateral bearded ; sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute ; apetalous flowers 

 abundant in summer on short peduncles ; capsules ovoid, glabrous or woolly ; 

 seeds light brown, large, nearly 3 mm. long. Dry rich woods, s. Me. to Ont., 

 Kan., and Md. 



35. V. scabriuscula Schwein. (SMOOTH YELLOW V.) Similar to the preced- 

 ing, with which it intergrades ; the more pronounced forms have commonly 2-4 

 steins and 1-3 radical leaves from one rootstock, the stems shorter and more 

 leafy, the leaves smaller and sparingly pubescent to glabrate, the time of flower- 



