610 



UMBELLIFERAE (PARSLEY FAMILY} 



head, and similar bractlets. (E. aquaticum L. 1762, in part, not L. 1753.) 

 Ct. to Minn., Kan., Tex., and Ma. July-Sept. 



* * Tall and often stout ; leaves thick, not parallel-veined. 



2. E. aqudticum L. Slender, 3-9 dm. high ; radical and lower stem-leaves 

 linear- to oblong-lanceolate, on long (sometimes 3 dm.) fistulous petioles, entire 

 or with small hooked teeth ; upper leaves sessile, spiny-toothed or laciniate ; 

 heads ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.2 cm. long, with reflexed bracts, and bractlets with 3 

 spiny cusps (the middle one largest). (E. virginianum Lam.) By ponds and 

 streams, N. J. to Fla. and Tex., near the coast. Aug., Sept. 



3. E. Leavenw6rthii T. & G. Stout, 4-9 dm. high ; lowest stem-leaves 

 broadly oblanceolate, spinosely toothed, the rest sessile and deeply and palmately 

 parted into narrow incisely pinnatiild spreading pungent segments; heads 

 ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5-4 cm. long, with pinnatifid spinose bracts and 3-7 -cuspidate 

 bractlets, the terminal ones very prominent and resembling the bracts. Dry 

 soil, e. Kan., Ark., and Tex. 



* * * Prostrate and slender, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched, with small 

 thin unarmed leaves and very small heads. 



4. E. prostratum Nutt. Lower leaves oblong, entire, few-toothed, or lobed 

 at base ; upper leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints, ovate, few-toothed 

 or entire (occasionally some additional trifid ones) ; reflexed bracts longer than 

 the ellipsoid heads (4-7 mm. long). Wet places, s. Mo. to Fla. and Tex. 



2. SAWfCULA [Tourn.] L. SANICLE. BLACK SNAKEROOT 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular ; the carpels not separating 

 spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles. Perennial rather 

 tall glabrous herbs, with few palmately lobed or parted leaves, 

 those from the base long-petioled. Umbels irregular or com- 

 pound, the flowers (greenish or yellowish) capitate in the umbel- 

 lets, perfect, and with staminate ones intermixed. Involucre and 

 involucels few-leaved. (Name said to be from sanare, to heal j 

 or perhaps from San Nicolas.} 



* Styles much exceeding the bristles of the fruit, recurved. 



1. S. marilandica L. Stem erect, 3-10 dm. high ; leaves 

 5-7-parted, the divisions sharply serrate, acute ; sterile flowers 

 pedicellate, often in separate umbels ; 

 815. s. marilan- fruit 6-7 mm. long, sessile. Nfd. to 

 dica x 2. Ga. and w. to the Rocky Mts., common. 



FIG. 815. 



2. S. gregaria Bicknell. Stem slender, 6 dm. high ; 

 leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, 

 cleft and serrate ; fruit on??/3-4(-5) 

 mm. long, somewhat stipitate. 

 Rich woods, St. John Valley, N. B.; 

 s. N. H. to Minn., Ark., and Ga. 

 FIG. 816. 



* * Styles shorter than the bristles. 



3. S. canad6nsis L. Simple, 

 erect, 5-8 dm. high ; leaves 3-5- 

 f oliolate, leaflets narrowly obovate, 

 sharply serrate ; sterile flowers 



few, short-pediceled ; fruit nearly sie. S. greg-aria x 4. 



sessile, subglobose, 3-6 mm. long. 



N. H. to Fla., Minn., Neb., and Tex., common. FIG. 



817. 



4. S. trifoliata Bicknell. Similar in habit, the leaflets 



