748 &UBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



/. Flowers bright white, numerous, in a compact panicle; 



leaves linear-lanceolate 13. G. boreal*. 



6. Leaves mostly in 6's or 8's ; flowers white, numerous, in leafy 



panicles. 

 Leaves firm, linear or oblanceolate, rarely 2 cm. long. 



Flowering branches and pedicels strongly divaricate . 14. O. Mollugo. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels mostly ascending . . 15. G. erectum. 

 Leaves thin, lanceolate, mostly 3-5 cm. long . . .16. G. sylvaticum* 

 d. Matted, reclining, or ascending plants, usually with more or less 



retrorsely scabrous stems or leaves h. 

 h. Fruit smooth or merely granulate-roughened i. 

 i. Leaves obtuse. 



Flowers several in a small dichotomous cyme ; the pedi- 

 cels horizontally spreading 17. G. palustrt. 



Flowers solitary or in mostly simple cymes of 2-5 flowers. 



Corollas greenish-white, small (1.5 mm. or less broad), 



commonly with 3 obtuse lobes ; stems retrorse- 



scabrous. 



Flowers mostly solitary, on capillary arcuate scabrous 



pedicels 18. G. trifidum. 



Flowers in 2's and 3's ; pedicels straight, smooth . 19. G. Olaytoni. 

 Corollas white, 2-2.5 mm. broad, commonly with 4 acute 



lobes ; stems mostly smooth. 



Leaves chiefly ascending ; fruit 2.5-3.5 mm. in diam- 

 eter 20. G. Unctorium. 



Leaves chiefly reflexed ; fruit 1-1.5 mm. in diameter 21. G. labradoricum. 

 i. Leaves acute or cuspidate. 



Leaves linear, slightly upward-scabrous on the margins . 22. G. concintiwm.. 



Leaves lanceolate, retrorse-scabrous 23. G. asprellum. 



h. Fruit bristly 24. G. triflorum. 



a. Fruit a berry ; leaves in 4's, 1-nerved 25. G. hispidulum. 



1. G. virgatum Nutt. Slender and erect; stem 1-3 dm. high, simple or 

 branching from the base ; leaves mostly in 4's, thick, oblong or linear, 4-7 mm. 

 long ; flowers solitary, sessile, subtended by a pair of small bracteal leaves; fruit 

 uncinate-hispid. Dry soil, Mo. to Tenn. and Tex. 



2. G. Aparine L. (CLEAVERS, GOOSE GRASS.) Stem weak and reclining, 

 bristle-prickly backward, hairy at the joints ; leaves about 8 in a whorl, lanceo- 

 late, tapering to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib, 

 2.5-7 cm. long ; peduncles l-3-flowered; flowers white ; fruit bristly, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. Seashores, Que. to Fla., and in rich or shaded ground inland; per- 

 haps sometimes introd. (Eurasia.) 



Var. Vailldntii (DC.) Koch. Smaller; the leaves less than 2.5 cm. long; 

 hispidulous fruit smaller, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter. (G. spurium L.) Ont., 

 westw. and southwestw. 



3. G. TRICORNE Stokes. Resembling no. 2, rather stout, with simple branches ; 

 leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-mucronate, the margins and stem retrorsely 

 prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly in clusters of 3, dull white ; fruits rather large, 

 tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. Ballast, local. (Adv. from Eu.) 



4. G. PARISIENSE L. Slender, diffuse, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves 5-7, 

 oblanceolate to nearly linear, 5-10 mm. long, their margins and the angles of the 

 stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, cymulose on leafy branches, green- 

 ish-white, very small; fruit glabrous, more or less tuberculate. (G-. anglicum 

 Huds.) Roadsides, Va. (Nat. from Eu.) 



5. G. VERUM L. (YELLOW B.) Stems smooth, erect ; leaves 8 or sometimes 

 6 in the whorls, linear, roughish, soon deflexed; flowers yellow, very numerous, 

 densely paniculate, the lower branches of the panicle at anthesis much exceeding 

 the subtending leaves; fruit usually smooth. Dry fields, Me. to N. J., Pa., and 

 Ont., local. (Nat. from Eu.) 



6. G. WIRTGENII F. Schultz. Similar to the preceding; flowers yellow, 

 slightly larger, 3 mm. in diameter ; the panicle long and interrupted, the lower 

 branches at anthesis shorter than or scarcely surpassing the subtending leaves. 

 Established in meadows, Norfolk, Ct. (Miss Seymour}. (Adv. from Eu.) 



7. G. pilbsum Ait. Hairy ; 'leaves oval, dotted, hairy, 2-2.5 cm. long, the 

 lateral nerves obscure ; peduncles 2-3-forked, the flowers all pediceled. Dry 

 copses, N. H. to Ont., Mich., 111., Kan." and south w. 



Var. puncticulbsurn (Michx.) T. & G. Almost glabrous ; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-ciliate. N. J. to Va. and Tex. 



