758 CAPRIFOLIACEAE (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY) 



5. TRI6STEUM L. FEVERWORT. HORSE GENTIAN 



Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, leaf -like, persistent. Corolla tubular, some- 

 what equally 5-lobed, scarcely longer than the calyx. Ovary mostly 3-celled, 

 in fruit forming a dry drupe containing 3 ribbed 1-seeded bony nutlets. Coarse 

 hairy perennial herbs, leafy to the top ; the ample entire pointed leaves tapering 

 to the base or connate round the simple stem. Flowers solitary or clustered 

 in the axils. (Name an abbreviation of Triosteospermiim, alluding to the three 

 bony nutlets.) 



1. T. perfoliatum L. (TINKER'S WEED, WILD COFFEE.) Coarse, 0.5 to 1.2 

 m. high ; stem densely glandular-puberulent above ; leaves dark green, thickish, 

 oval, the primary ones abruptly narrowed below to connate-clasping bases 2-7 

 cm. broad, the uppermost tapering or scarcely connate at base ; corolla tubular- 

 campanulate, hardly bilabiate, from purplish to yellowish or greenish, about 

 equaling the stamens ; fruits usually 6-8 at each node, subglobose, dull orange- 

 yellow. Rich low woods, s. Mass, to Neb., Mo., and Ala. Fl. May, June; 

 fr. Aug., Sept. 



2. T. aurantiacum Bicknell. Sparingly glandular-puberulent, and with 

 spreading longer glandless hairs, or glabrate ; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong- 

 lanceolate, abruptly narrowed below to winged sessile hardly clasping bases 

 (0.5 to 1.5 cm. broad} ; corolla dilated above, distinctly bilabiate, purplish-red, 

 much exceeding the stamens' fruits 2-6 at each node, ellipsoid-ovoid, bright 

 orange-red. Open rocky or sandy woods, N. B. to Ont., la., and N. C. Fl. 

 May, June ; fr. Aug. -Oct. 



3. T. angustif61ium L. Smaller, bristly-hairy; leaves lanceolate, tapering 

 to the base ; flowers greenish-cream-color, mostly single in the axils. Shady 

 grounds, Ct. to Del. and Ala., w. to Mo. Fl. May ; fr. Aug. 



6. VIBURNUM [Tourn.] L. ARROW-WOOD. LAURESTINUS 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 

 1-3. Fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded drupe, with soft pulp and a thin-crustaceous 

 (flattened or tumid) stone. Shrubs, with simple leaves, and white (rarely pink) 

 flowers in flat compound cymes. Petioles sometimes bearing little appendages 

 which are evidently stipules. Leaf-buds naked, or with a pair of scales. (The 

 classical Latin name, of unknown meaning.) 



a. Cyme radiant, the marginal flowers neutral and very showy. 



Leaves pinnately veined, not lobed 2. V. alnifolium. 



Leaves palmately veined, 3-lobed 3. F. Opulus. 



a. Cyrnes not radiant, the flowers all small and uniform b. 

 b. Leaves for the most part palmately veined and 8-lobed. 



Leaves glabrous ; drupe bright red ; stone flat 4. F. pauciflorum. 



Leaves soft-downy beneath ; drupe finally purple-black ; stone len- 

 ticular 5. F. acerifolium. 



b. Leaves pinnately veined, not lobed c. 

 c. Leaves prominently toothed and with straightish veins ; stone 



grooved d. 

 d. Stipules slender, prominent, exceeding the very short petioles; 



stone flat . 6. F. pubescens. 



d. Stipules wanting or much shorter than the petioles ; stone deeply 



grooved. 



Winter-buds naked ; leaves finely toothed 1. V. Lantana. 



Winter-buds covered by scales ; leaves coarsely toothed. 



Petioles stipulate ; bark of older branches loose and exfoliating 7. V. molle. 

 Petioles without stipules ; bark close. 

 Lower surface of leaves, petioles, and young branchlets 



stellate-tomentose. 



Principal leaves with 7-11 pairs of veins, the teeth acute . 8. V. venosum. 

 Principal leaves with 5-7 pairs of veins, the teeth blunt . 9. V. scabrellum. 

 Lower surface of leaves and petioles glabrous, or with simple 



caducous hairs 10. F. dentatum. 



c. Leaves finely toothed or entire ; the veins inconspicuous, curved and 

 anastomosing ; stone flat and even e. 



e. Cymes peduncled ; drupes less than 1 cm. long. 



Peduncle usually shorter than the rays of the cyme ; leaves dull 



above . . 11. F. cassinoides. 



