COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 789 



Mostly simple ; leaves thin, elongate-lanceolate, all much exceeding the very 

 small axillary clusters. N. S. to Que., Ont, and south w. Var. PANICUIATA 

 Gray. Paniculately branched; leaves smaller; heads densely racemose-pani- 

 cled. Rich woods and clearings, from s. Me. southw. 



= = Stem angled, not glaucous. 



4. S. Iatif61ia L. Smooth or nearly so ; stem zigzag, simple or paniculate- 

 branched, 0.3-1 in. high ; leaves broadly ovate or oval, very strongly and sharply 

 serrate, conspicuously pointed at both ends, thin, 0.5-1.5 dm. long, the lower 

 abruptly narrowed to winged petioles ; heads in very short axillary clusters, or 

 the clusters somewhat prolonged at the ends of the branches ; rays 3-4. (S. 

 flexicaulis L. , in part.) Moist shaded banks, throughout ; commonest north w., 

 and s. along the mts. Late July-early Oct. 



5. S. Curtisii T. & G. Smooth or nearly so ; stem usually branched ; leaves 

 oblong to long-lanceolate with gradually narrowed entire base, serrate above 

 with subulate teeth ; heads in small loose clusters; rays 4-7. Open woods at 

 low elevations in the mountains, Va., W. Va., Ky., and southw. Aug. -Oct. 

 Var. PREENS (M. A. Curtis) Gray. Stems and often the under surfaces of the 

 leaves tomentose. Similar range. 



w. ++ Achenes glabrous (rarely a little setulose) ; inflorescence more thyrsoid. 

 = Stems pubescent. 



6. S. bicolor L. Hoary or grayish with soft hairs (rarely glabrate) ; stem 

 simple or paniculate-branched ; leaves oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, acute at 

 both ends, or the lower oval and tapering into a petiole, slightly serrate ; clusters 

 or short racemes from the axils of the upper leaves, forming an interrupted spike 

 or crowded panicle ; involucre 3-5 mm. long ; the chartaceous whitish-yellow 

 obtuse bracts usually with the greenish midrib slender below but conspicu- 

 ously dilated above; rays 5-14, small, cream-color or nearly white; achenes 

 columnar. Dry soil, P. E. I. to Ga., rarely inland to Ky., Mich., and Ont. 

 Late Aug. -Oct. 



7. S. hispida Muhl. Similar ; cauline leaves oblanceolate to narrowly obo- 

 vate, narrowed at base, blunt or acutish at tip ; basal leaves mostly rounded at 

 tip, crenate-serrate ; involucre 4-6 mm. long ; the subherbaceous greenish or 

 greenish-straw-colored obtuse bracts usually with the green midrib nearly uni- 

 form or only obscurely dilated above; rays orange-yellow; achenes slightly 

 broadened upward. (S. bicolor, var. concolor T. & G.) Dry or rocky banks, 

 Nfd. to Man., s. to the mts. of Ga., Mich., and Mo.; chiefly in calcareous 

 districts. July-early Sept. 



= = Stems glabrous or essentially so. 



8. S. er6cta Pursh. Glabrous, or merely puberulent above ; leaves thickish, 

 firm, the lowest oblong or ovate-spatulate, crenate, the others narrower, entire ; 

 inflorescence as" in no. 6; rays pale yellow or cream-colored. Dry soil, L. I., 

 N. J., Pa., and southw. Aug.-Oct. 



0. S. monticola T. & G. Nearly glabrous ; stem slender, 3-9 dm. high ; 

 leaves thin, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acute or tapering at both ends, the lower 

 serrate; heads small, the bracts acutish; rays 5-6. (S. roanensis Porter.) 

 Allegheny Mts., from Pa. southw. July-Sept. 



*- s- Heads mostly large, the involucres 6(rarely 5)-12 mm. long, many- 

 flowered, forming an erect terminal thyrse; leaves feather-veined. 



*+ Leaves numerous, short, sessile, entire, uniform in size and shape ; cinereous 

 plant of the Southwest. 



10. S. Lindheimeriana Scheele. Somewhat cinereous-puberulent, 2.5-8 dm. 

 high ; leaves lanceolate to oblong, sessile, subacute, often glutinous ; inflorescence 

 dense; involucre slender-campanulate, 6.5-7 mm. long; achenes glabrous. 

 Limestone bluffs and gravel, and in rocky woods, Kan. to Tex. Sept.-Nov. 



