790 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



++ Leaves elongate, the basal much larger than the upper and more or less 

 petioled ; green plants of northern and mountainous regions. 



= Leaves thin, the basal with ovate or oblong blades, sharp-serrate, abruptly 

 narrowed to the comparatively slender petioles. 



11. S. macrophylla Pursh. Stem stout, 3.5-12 dm. high, pubescent at 

 summit, simple below the inflorescence ; leaves very thin, scattered, irregularly 

 and coarsely serrate with sharp salient teeth, all but the uppermost abruptly 

 contracted into long margined petioles, the lowest with blades 5-20 cm. long ; 

 heads many-flowered, in a wand-like compound raceme or contracted panicle 

 1-6 dm. long, the lower heads much exceeded by their subtending leaves; 

 involucre slender-campanulate or thick-cylindric, 8-12 mm. long; its bracts 

 thin, scarious, linear-attenuate ; rays 8-10, elongated ; achenes smooth, 3-4 

 mm. long. Woods, Nfd. to L. Superior, s. to N. S., N. B., e. and centr. Me., 

 and on upland slopes to Mt. Monadnock, N. H., Mt. Greylock, Mass., and the 

 Catskill Mts., N. Y. July-early Sept. 



Var. thyrsoldea (Mey.) Fernald. Lower; the involucre much fuller and 

 broader (8-20 mm. broad), subglobose to cup-shaped; its bracts firmer, often 

 subherbaceous, narrowly deltoid "to lanceolate. Lab. to alpine regions of Gasp6 

 Co., Que., Mt. Katahdin, Me., and Mt. Washington, N. H. July, Aug. 



12. S. calcicola Fernald. Stems 2-10 dm. high, purplish, simple or with 

 few erect branches, glabrous below, pubescent and somewhat glutinous above, 

 very leafy to the inflorescence; basal leaves elliptic, sharp-serrate, slenderly 

 wing-petioled ; the cauline oblanceolate, acuminate, sharply and irregularly 

 serrate above the middle, entire below and narrowed to broad-winged petioles, 

 or the uppermost sessile ; inflorescence from racemo-thyrsoid to thyrsoid-panicu- 

 late ; involucre 6-8 mm. long, its bracts mostly lance-attenuate, acute or 

 acutish ; rays rather short ; achenes pubescent, 1-2 mm. long. Calcareous 

 cliffs and rich woods, Gaspe" Co., Que., to Aroostook Co., Me. Aug., Sept. 



= = Leaves thick and firm, the basal with the oblanceolate, spatulate, or nar- 

 rowly obovate blades crenate or crenate-serrate (rarely sharp-serrate) and 

 tapering gradually to the winged petioles. 



a. Involucre BO-5Q-flowered ; cauline leaves 2-4 (rarely 5) below the inflorescence. 



13. S. Cutldri Fernald. Dwarf (5-25 cm. high) ; the stem rather prominently 

 angled ; basal leaves obovate to broadly oblanceolate, crenate to serrate above 

 the middle ; the few cauline leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, of nearly uniform 

 size; inflorescence a few-headed terminal corymb or frequently the heads 

 clustered in the axils of the rather large divergent upper leaves; heads very 

 full ; the short campanulate involucre 6-8 mm. high, 7-10 mm. broad, com- 

 posed of subherbaceous often glutinous oblong or lanceolate obtuse to acutish 

 bracts; achenes 3-3.5 mm. long, hirsute with spreading-ascending short hairs; 

 pappus barbellate. (8. Virgaurea, var. alpina Bigel.; S. alpestris of recent 

 Am. auth., not Waldst. & Kit. ) Highest alpine districts of Me., N. H., Vt., 

 and N. Y. July-early Sept. 



b. Involucre 15-3Q-flowered ; cauline leaves (except in abnormally floriferous 

 individuals') more numerous, ^(rarely 4)-30 or more below the inflorescence. 



1. Midrib of the leaves usually prominent beneath; inflorescence (simple or 

 paniculately compound) dense, the pedicels rarely more than 3-4 mm. long. 



14. S. Randii (Porter) Britton. Often glutinous ; stems stoutish, commonly 

 purple-tinged, glabrous below, usually puberulent above, 3-8 dm. high ; leaves 

 numerous; the basal narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, serrate 

 or dentate, 7-20 cm. long; the cauline lanceolate or oblanceolate to elliptic, 

 gradually reduced upward, rarely bearing axillary fascicles, the lower often 

 serrate, the uppermost entire and 2-7 cm. long ; heads crowded in a dense thyrse 

 or at the ends of the branches of an ample panicle (1-3 dm. long); involucre 

 5-6 mm. high, 3-5 mm. broad, the bluntish or acute bracts lance-deltoid to 

 linear; achenes 2-2.6 mm. long, sparingly appressed-setulose or glabrate ; 

 pappus barbellate. (S. Virgaurea of recent Am. auth., in part, not L.; 8. Vir- 



