COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 831 



slender and spreading ; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, sparingly toothed ; lower 

 3-lobed, tapering at base, coarsely serrate (those from the base pinnately parted 

 or undivided) ; rays 8-10, oval or oblong ; chaff of the black-purple depressed- 

 globular disk smooth, awned. Rich soil, N. J. to Minn., Kan., and southw.; 

 escaped from cultivation further northeastw. July, Aug. Heads small, but 

 numerous and showy. 



2. R. subtoment&sa Pursh. Stem branching above, 0.5-1.5 m. high, downy, 

 as well as the petiolate ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrate leaves beneath ; heads 

 short-peduncled ; disk globular, dull brown ; receptacle sweet-scented ; blunt 

 apex of chaff downy. Prairies and low ground, Wise, to Kan., and southw. 



w tf Leaves undivided, rarely laciniate-toothed. 

 = Pappus none ; annuals or biennials. 



3. R. hirta L. (YELLOW DAISY, BLACK-EYED SUSAN, NIGGER-HEAD.) Bien- 

 nial, very rough and bristly-hairy throughout ; stems simple or branched near 

 the base, stout, 3-8 dm. high, naked above, bearing single large heads ; leaves 

 nearly entire, the upper oblong or lanceolate, sessile ; the lower spatulate, triple- 

 nerved, petioled ; rays (about 14) more or less exceeding the involucre ; chaff 

 of the dull brown disk hairy at the tip, acutish. Dry soil, w. N. Y. to Man., 

 and southw. ; now common as a weed in eastern fields, where introduced with 

 seed from the West. June-Sept. Variable as to the pubescence, and the 

 breadth and toothing of the leaves. R. Brittonii and E. monticola Small ap- 

 pear to be mountain phases with somewhat broader and more dentate cauliue 

 leaves. 



= = Pappus a short crown; perennials. 



4. R. fulgida Ait. Hairy, 3-9 dm. high, the branches naked at the summit 

 and bearing single heads ; leaves spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, 

 triple-nerved, the upper entire, mostly obtuse; rays about 12, orange-yellow, 

 equaling or exceeding the ample involucre ; chaff of the dark purple disk nearly 

 smooth and blunt. Dry soil, N. J. and Pa. to Ivy., Mo., and southw. E. pa- 

 lustris Eggert, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, and E. missouriensis Engelin., with 

 oblong-lanceolate obtusish somewhat more pubescent leaves and slightly more 

 fasciculate branching, fail to maintain satisfactory specific differences. 



6. R. spat hula ta Michx. Pubescence short and appressed; slender, 3-9 dm. 

 high ; leaves obovate or spatulate or the upper ovate to lanceolate, sometimes all 

 lanceolate or oblanceolate to linear, denticulate ; heads long-peduncled, smaller 

 than in the preceding, the rays fewer and broader. Pine woods, Pa., Va., 

 Tenn., and southw. 



6. R. specibsa Wenderoth. Roughish-hairy, 1 m. or less high, branched ; 

 the branches upright, elongated and naked above, terminated by single large 

 heads ; basal leaves elliptic-ovate ; the cauline lanceolate, pointed at both ends, 

 petioled, 3-5-nerved, coarsely and unequally toothed or incised ; involucre much 

 shorter than the numerous elongate rays (3 cm. long) ; chaff of the dark purple 

 disk acutish, smooth. (E. umbrosa Boynton & Beadle?) N. J. and Pa. to 

 Ga. and Mo. Var. SULLIVANTI (Boynton & Beadle) Robinson. Stem-leaves 

 ovate, less coarsely toothed, not incised. (E. Sullivanti Boynton & Beadle.) 

 O. to Mich, and Ark. 



- -- Disk columnar in fruit, dull greemsh-yeUoio. 

 -. Leaves divided or cut. 



7. R. laciniata L. Stem smooth, branching, 0.5-2 m. high ; leaves smooth 

 or roughish, the lowest pinnate, with 5-7-cut or 3-lobed leaflets ; upper leaves 

 irregularly 3-5-parted, their lobes ovate-lanceolate, pointed, or the uppermost 

 undivided ; heads long-peduncled ; disk at first globular or hemispherical ; chaff 

 truncate, downy at tip; rays oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, drooping. Low 

 thickets, w. Me. and w. Que., westw. and southw. July-Sept. 



Var. humilis Gray. Low and glabrous ; some of the radical leaves undivided 

 or with roundish divisions ; heads smaller (12 mm. high) and rays shorter. 

 Mts. of Va. and Tenn. 



