832 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



*-* *+ Leaves entire. 



8. R. MAXIMA Nutt. Very robust, 1-3 m. high ; leaves large, entire or repand- 

 denticulate, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, obtuse, smooth and glaucous, the upper 

 cordate-clasping; columnar disk at length 4-8 cm. long; rays yellow. Shef- 

 field, Mo. (Bush}, where sparingly introduced on railroad ballast; Ark., La., 

 and Tex. 



* * Achenes subterete, not angled; chaff soon deciduous. 



9. R. amplexicaulis Vahl. Annual, 3-6 dm. high, glabrous, glaucous, leafy ; 

 leaves 1-ribbed, entire, serrate or sinuate, upper oblong or ovate, cordate-clasp- 

 ing ; heads showy, 3-5 cm. broad ; involucral bracts small, lanceolate ; rays 

 yellow or with brown bases; disk becoming 2-3 cm. high. Mo., southw. and 

 southwestw. 



47. BRAUNERIA Neck. PURPLE CONE-FLOWER 



Heads many-flowered ; rays mostly drooping, pistillate but sterile. Bracts 

 of the involucre imbricated, lanceolate, spreading. Receptacle conical, the lan- 

 ceolate carinate spiny-tipped chaff longer than the disk-flowers. Achenes thick, 

 short, 4-sided; pappus a small toothed border. Perennial herbs, with stout 

 and nearly simple stems naked above and terminated by a single large head ; 

 leaves chiefly alternate, 3-5-nerved. Rays rather persistent ; disk purplish. 

 (Named, it is said, for Jacob Brauner, a German herbalist of the early part 

 of the 18th century.) ECHINACEA Moench. 



* Rays purple, rose-color, or rarely white. 



1. B. purpurea (DC.) Britton. Stem smooth, or in one form rough-bristly ; 

 leaves rough, often serrate ; the lowest ovate, 5-nerved, veiny, long-petioled ; the 

 others ovate-lanceolate; involucre imbricated in 3-5 rows; rays 15-20, dull 

 purple (rarely whitish), 2.5-4.5 cm. long or more. (Echinacea Moench.) 

 Prairies and banks, from w. Pa. and Va. to Mich., la., and southw.; reported 

 as adventive eastw. July. 



2. B. angustifblia (DC.) Heller. Low, 2-4 dm. high, hirsute; leaves lanceo- 

 late and linear-lanceolate, attenuate at base, 3-nerved, entire; involucre less 

 imbricated and heads often smaller ; rays 2-2.5 cm. long, 2-3-toothed, spread- 

 ing, purplish or white. (Echinacea DC.) Limestone barrens and dry slopes, 

 Tenn. to the Saskatchewan and Tex. May-Aug. 



3. B. pallida (Nutt.) Britton. Taller than the preceding, 1 m. or less high ; 

 rays slender and drooping, 4-7 cm. long, 2-toothed. (Echinacea Nutt.) Mich, 

 and 111. to Ala. and Tex.; also locally naturalized eastw. June, July. 



* * Hays bright yellow. 



4. B. parad6xa Norton. In habit similar to the two preceding, but nearly 

 glabrous, 5-8 dm. high ; the narrowly lance-linear somewhat rigid and strongly 

 3-veined leaves 1-2 dm. long, 0.8-3.5 cm. wide, scabrous on the margins, spar- 

 ingly strigillose or quite smooth on the surfaces; rays drooping, 3-4 cm. long. 

 (? B. atrorubens Britton, in part, not Nutt.) Prairies arid barrens, Mo. (Busli) 

 to Tex. June. 



48. LEPACHYS Raf. 



Heads many-flowered ; the rays few, neutral. Involucral bracts few and small, 

 spreading. Receptacle columnar ; the chaff truncate, thickened and bearded 

 at the tip, partly embracing the flattened and margined achenes. Pappus none 

 or of 2 teeth. Perennial herbs, with alternate pinnately divided leaves ; the 

 grooved stems or branches naked above, bearing single generally showy heads. 

 Rays yellow or party-colored, drooping ; disk grayish. (Name from \ewis, a 

 scale, and ira%^s, thick, from the thickened tips of the chaff.) 



1. L. pinnata (Vent.) T. & G. Hoary with minute appressed hairs, slender, 

 0.5-1.5 m. high, branching ; leaflets 3-7, lanceolate, acute ; disk ellipsoid, much 

 shorter than the large (5 cm. long) and drooping light-yellow rays. (Batibida 

 Barnhart.) Dry soil, w. N. Y. to Minn., Neb., and southw. ; also locally 



