COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 883 



adventive eastw. June, July. The receptacle exhales a pleasant anisate odor 

 when bruised. 



2. L. columnaris (Sims) T. & G. Branching from base, 3-8 dm. high ; 

 leaflets 5-9, oblong to narrowly linear, entire or 2-3-cleft ; disk columnar, often 

 3 cm. long or more ; ray as long or shorter, yellow or (var. PULCHERRIMA 

 T. & G.) in part or wholly brown-purple. (Ratibida D. Don.) Minn, to 

 Assina. and Tex. ; also established near Ottawa, Ont. (according to J. M. 

 Macoun). May, June. 



49. SPILANTHES Jacq. 



Heads small, many-flowered ; rays, when present, fertile. Involucral bracts 

 few, loose. Receptacle elongated, columnar ; chaff conduplicate, enwrapping 

 the achenes. Ray-achenes 3-angled or obcompressed ; disk-achenes somewhat - 

 compressed, with acute margins continued into setiform awns, or the pappus 

 none. Slender spreading or depressed herbs with opposite leaves and ovoid- 

 conical pedunculate heads. Rays yellow or white. (Name from o-TrtXos, a stain, 

 and Avdos, flower.) 



1. S. americana (Mutis) Hieronymus, var. ripens (Walt.) A. H. Moore 

 Pubescent or glabrous, decumbent or loosely ascending ; leaves elliptic-ovate to 

 lanceolate, 2-9 cm. long, petioled, strongly but equally toothed ; peduncles 3-12 

 cm. long ; heads 9-16 mm. in length. (S. repens Michx.) Low moist places, 

 Mo. to S. C., Fla., and Tex. 



50. BORRiCHIA Adans. SEA OX-EYE 



Heads many-flowered ; rays fertile. Bracts of the hemispherical involucre 

 imbricated. Receptacle flat, covered with lanceolate rigid and persistent chaff. 

 Achenes somewhat wedge-shaped, 3-4-angled ; pappus a short 4-toothed crown. 

 Shrubby low maritime plants, coriaceous or fleshy, with opposite nearly 

 entire leaves, and solitary peduncled terminal heads of yellow flowers ; anthers 

 blackish. (Named for Olof Borrich, a Danish botanist.) 



1. B. frut6scens (L.) DC. Whitened with a minute silky pubescence, 0.2-1 

 m. high ; leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, often toothed near 

 the base ; chaff rigidly pointed. Salt-marshes, Va., and south w. 



51. HELlANTHUS L. SUNFLOWER 



Heads many-flowered ; rays several or many, neutral. Involucre imbricated, 

 herbaceous or foliaceous. Receptacle flat or convex ; the persistent chaff embrac- 

 ing the 4-sided and laterally compressed smooth achenes, which are neither 

 winged nor margined. Pappus very deciduous, of 2 thin chaffy scales on the prin- 

 cipal angles, and sometimes 2 or more small intermediate scales. Coarse and 

 stout herbs, with solitary or corymbed heads, and yellow rays ; flowering toward 

 autumn. (Named from ^Xios, the sun, and tLvdos, a flower.) 



1. Annuals; leaves mostly alternate, petiolate ; receptacle flat ; disk brownish. 



1. H. dnnuus L. (COMMON S.) Tall, rough ; leaves triple-ribbed, ovate or 

 the lower cordate, serrate ; involucral bracts broadly ovate to oblong, long- 

 pointed, ciliate ; disk usually 2.5 cm. broad or more. Rich soil, Minn, to Tex., 

 and westw. ; long cultivated, and occasionally found in waste grounds eastw. 



2. H. petiolaris Nutt. More slender, 0.3-2 in. high ; leaves oblong- or ovate- 

 lanceolate, smaller (2.5-8 cm. long), mostly entire ; bracts lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, seldom ciliate; disk about 1.5 cm. broad. Minn, to Man., Tex., 

 and westw. ; occasionally in waste places, etc., eastw. 



2. Perennials ; receptacle convex or at length low-conical ; lower leaves usually 



opposite. 



* Involucral bracts loose, becoming squarrose, narrowly lanceolate, pointed^ 

 1-1.5 cm. long ; disk usually purple or brownish; leaves linear, l-nerved. 



3. H. orgyalis DC. Stem glabrous, tall, very leafy ; leaves mostly alternate. 



GRAY'S MANUAL 53 



