COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 863 



3. CYNTHIA (D. Don) Gray. Involucre of the preceding section ; achenes 

 more slender; pappus of 10-15 small oblong scales and 15-20 bristles,' 

 perennial. 



3. K. Dandelion (L.) Nutt. Hoots slender, tuberiferous ; scapes leafless, 

 1.5-5 dm. high ; leaves varying from spatulate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire 

 or few-lobed. (Adopogon Ktze.) Moist ground, Md. to Kan., and southw. 

 March-July. 



4. K. amplexicaulis Nutt. (CYNTHIA.) Hoots fibrous ; stem 1-6 dm. high; 

 stem-leaves 1-3, oblong or oval, clasping, mostly entire ; the radical ones on 

 short winged petioles, often toothed, rarely pinnatifid ; peduncles 2-5. (Adopo- 

 gon virginicum Ktze.) Moist banks, Mass, to Ont., Man., and southw. May- 

 Aug. 



93. HYPOCHAERIS L. CAT'S-EAR 



Similar to Leontodon, but at least the inner achenes produced into long slen- 

 der beaks. Receptacle chaffy. Old World and South American herbs, with 

 bracteate slightly branching scapes and yellow flowers. (A name used by 

 Theophrastus for this or a related genus.) 



1. H. RADICATA L. Perennial; leaves hirsute; scapes 2-4 dm. high, stout; 

 heads 2.5-4 cm. broad; achenes all beaked. Fields, waste places, and on bal- 

 last, Mass, to N. J. and Ont. (Morton). (Nat from Eu.) 



2. H. GLABRA L. Slender, glabrous, with smaller heads ; outer achenes 

 truncate. Sparingly in grassland in Me. and O.; naturalized in Cal. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



94. LE6NTODON L. HAWKBIT 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated, but with several bract- 

 lets at the base. Achenes spindle-shaped, striate, all alike ; pappus persistent, 

 composed of plumose bristles which are enlarged and flattened toward the base, 

 with sometimes an outer paleaceous crown. Receptacle not chaffy. Low and 

 stemless perennials, with toothed or pinnatifid basal leaves, and scapes bearing 

 one or more yellow heads. (Name from X^wv, a lion, and oSotfs, a tooth, in 

 allusion to the toothed leaves.) 



* Scape simple or branching, scaly-bracteate above; heads before anthesis 

 erect; pappus a single row of plumose bristles. 



1. L. AUTUMNALIS L. (FALL DANDELION, "ARNICA.") Leaves laciniate- 

 toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat pubescent ; scape commonly forking, 1-6 dm. 

 high ; peduncles thickened at summit, scaly-bracteate (rarely leafy) ; involucre 

 glabrous or slightly pubescent ; tawny pappus a row of equal bristles. Fields 

 and roadsides, Nfd. to w. Ont., Mich., and Pa. Late May-Nov. A frequent 

 teratological or pathological form has greenish-yellow heads without ligules. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



Var. PRATENSIS (Link) Koch. Usually larger ; involucre and tips of pe- 

 duncles densely soft-pubescent with blackish hairs. Often more abundant 

 than the typical form. (Nat. from Eu.) 



** Scape simple and naked; heads before anthesis nodding; pappus of two 



kinds. 



- Pappus similar in all the flowers, the outer a few short setae, the inner a row 

 of plumose bristles with dilated bases. 



2. L. HASTILIS L. Rather stout, glabrous throughout ; leaves oblong-lanceo- 

 late, dentate or pinnatifid ; scape 2-7 dm. high, thickened upward ; heads rather 

 large; involucre 11-14 mm. long, its smooth lanceolate bracts lead-colored. 

 Fields, local, Ct. to O. (Adv. from Eu.) 



Var. VULGXRIS Koch. Leaves, scape, and involucre bristly-hispid. (L. 

 hispidus L.) Fields and waste places, R. I. to Ont. and s. N. Y. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



