864 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



4- - Pappus of the marginal flowers a crown of short scales, of the inner 

 flowers setiform and plumose. 



3. L. NUDICATJLIS (L.) Banks. Slender; leaves hispid; scape filiform, 1-2 

 dm. high ; involucre 7-10 mm. long, its lanceolate bracts hirsute or glabrous. 

 (L. hirtus L.) Locally established in pastures and waste places, Ct. to N. J. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



95. PlCRIS L. 



Heads many-flowered, terminating leafy stems. Outer bracts loose or spread- 

 ing. Achenes with 5-10 rugose ribs ; pappus of 1 or 2 rows of plumose 

 bristles. Coarse rough-bristly annuals or biennials, with yellow flowers. (The 

 Greek name of some allied bitter herb, from -rriKpbs, bitter. ) 



1. P. HIERACIOIDES L. Rather tall, corymbosely branched, the bristles 

 somewhat barbed at tip ; leaves lanceolate or broader, clasping, irregularly 

 toothed; outer involucral bracts narrow; achenes oblong, with little or no 

 beak; pappus sparsely plumose. Waste places, sparingly in the interior, and 

 in ballast on the coast. June-Oct. (Adv. from Eu.) 



2. P. EcmoiDES L. (OX-TONGUE.) Similar, but leaves and bracts spinescent , 

 the outer bracts ovate, subcordate, the narrow inner ones becoming thickened 

 below ; achenes beaked ; pappus densely plumose. Similar situations. July- 

 Sept. (Adv. from Eu.) 



96. TRAGOPdGON [Tourn.] L. GOAT'S BEARD 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre simple, of several erect lanceolate attenuate 

 equal bracts. Achenes narrowly fusiform, 5-10-ribbed, long-beaked ; pappus 

 of numerous long plumose bristles. Stout glabrous biennials or perennials, 

 with entire grass-like clasping leaves and large solitary heads of yellow 6r 

 purple flowers. (Name from rpdyos, goat, and ir&yuv, beard. ) 



1. T. PORRir6nus L. (SALSIFY, OYSTER-PLANT.) Stem 1 m. or less high ; 

 peduncle thickened and fistulous below the head ; flowers purple ; achenes and 

 pappus 7-8 cm. long. Sparingly escaped from cultivation. (Introd. from 

 Eu.) 



2. T. PRATENSIS L. (GOAT'S BEARD.) Very similar; leaves somewhat 

 broader at base ; peduncle little thickened ; flowers yellow. Fields, rocky 

 banks, etc., N. B. and N. S. to N. J., and westw. (Nat. from Eu.) 



97. CHONDRfLLA [Tourn.] L. GUM SUCCORY 



Heads few-flowered. Involucre cylindrical, of several narrow linear equal 

 bracts and a row of small bractlets at base. Achenes terete, several-ribbed, 

 smooth below, roughened at the summit by little scaly projections, from among 

 which springs an abrupt slender beak ; pappus copious, of very fine and soft 

 capillary bristles, bright white. Herbs of the Old World, with wand-like 

 branching stems, and small heads of yellow flowers. (A name used by Dioscor- 

 ides for some plant which exudes a gum.) 



1. C. JUNCEA L. (SKELETON-WEED.) Biennial, bristly-hairy below, smooth 

 above, 1 m. or less high ; root-leaves runcinate ; stem-leaves few and small, 

 linear; heads scattered on nearly leafless branches, 1-1.5 cm. long. Fields 

 and roadsides, abundant in Md. and n. Va. July, Aug. (Nat. from Eu.) 



98. TARAXACUM [Haller] Ludwig. DANDELION 



Heads many-flowered, large, solitary on a slender hollow scape. Involucre 

 double, the outer of short bracts ; the inner of long linear bracts, erect in a 

 single row. Achenes oblong-ovate to fusiform, 4-5-ribbed, the ribs roughened ; 

 the apex prolonged into a very slender beak, bearing the copious soft white 

 capillary pappus. Perennials or biennials ; leaves radical, pinnatifid or runci- 



