worked six months in that country. There the horseshoe- 

 ing and tools were the same as in Germany, and working 

 hours the same, fourteen hours a day, and shoes were made 

 out of old shoes. I left Denmark on a steamer to France, 

 landed at Calais. 



I know the feeling between Germans and French at 

 that time was not the very best, in 1878, and I don't know 

 whether it is any better at present. You see this is April 

 6th, 1915. But, anyway, I got a job in a shoeing shop. 

 This shop was shoeing most all heavy horses. Of course, 

 hard work did not bother me, for that I was used to. In 

 Calias the shoes were made different, they were made out 

 of stock to suit the weight of the shoe. It was in France 

 for the first time that I saw shoes without crease, and the 

 big horses were shod with plain shoes in front. Those 

 large horses did the work of a steam engine. They 

 switched the freight car from the Ship Street where the 

 ships were unloaded, into railroad cars. The cars were 

 then pulled to the railroad freight depot by one or two 

 horses. These horses were trained for that like the best 

 fire horses in this country. Two horses woald be hitched to 

 a full car, one ahead of the other. As soon as the car was 

 started, then by a certain signal, from the brakeman, the 

 leader would jump sideways. At the same time, the single- 

 tree would come unfastened. Then after he was clear from 

 the track, he would stand there until some one lead him 

 away for the next pull. Most all of the heavy horses 

 were gray and white. A few things I like better in France 

 than in Germany : In Calias, we only had to work thirteen 

 hours a day, while in Germany fourteen. Wages were 

 about the same, something like $2.50 to $3.00 a week. In 

 all the different countries that I have been, in Europe, the 

 men that brings the horse, holds the foot for the shoer. In 

 those countries that I worked in, in Europe, I like the 

 French ways of shoeing the best, but, however, I think 

 there is no horseshoer anywhere that I know of that equals 



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